2013湖南版英语第一轮复习-省略 教案【趋势分析】湖南高考从单项选择中对特殊句式的省略有时考一小题，占1分。省略句的考查主要从以下几个方面进行：(1)省略主语、主语和谓语、主语和谓语的一部分；(2)不定式符号to的省略；(3)状语从句中主语和谓语动词部分的省略；(4)不定式中动词的省略；(5)not，so，neither，nor的“替代性”省略。 【考点详解与高考例析】省略是为了避免重复或者使讲话、行文简洁而省略句子中的某些成分，它在各种考试中是一个重要的测试点： 一不定式的省略; 1.不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，只保留符号to，常见的动词有afford, agree, expect ,hope, know ,manage ,pretend ；1) Will you join in the game？你愿意加入做游戏吗？Id be glad to.我很高兴。2)Nothing has ever stopped him from sleeping when he wants to (sleep)当他想睡的时候, 没有什么能够阻止他。示例1. (09江苏33)Whats the matter with Della?Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still _ A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for答案 选A技巧点拨： 选A不定式在hope后作宾语时，只保留符号to2.当不定式在某些动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，不定式常省略，常见的动词有allow,ask,expect,forbid,force,invite,permit,persuade,order,warn,wish,would like；1)I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.我请他去看电影，但他不想去。2)He did not come, though we had invited him to (come)尽管我邀请他来，但他却没有来。3.当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容承前省略；-Would you like to swim with us this afternoon? 你愿意今天下午和我们去游泳吗？ -I will be glad to我乐意。4.当不定时在be going to ,be able to ,have to, ought to, used to后作复合谓语时，不定式省略。I didnt want to go there，but I had to.我不想去那儿，但我不得不去。I do not want to wait for her but I had to (wait for her)注意:如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have或have been。Are you a sailor？你是海员吗？No，but I used to be.不，但我过去是。示例2(07安徽25)In my opinion， life in the twenty-first century is much easier than.A.that used to beB.it is used to C.it was used to D.it used to be答案 D解析 表示“过去常常”用used to do，并且本题中动词原形be不能省略。二、复合句中的省略。1、在宾语从句中Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。1)Do you think it will rain?I hope not (that it will not rain)2)Do you believe our team will win?I guess so.2、有些时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句主语一致或从句的主语为it，而且从句的谓语动词又包含be，就可以省略从句中的“主语be”部分。由when, while, as, before, till, once等引导的时间状语从句；同if ,unless, whether , 等引导的条件状语从句；由though, although even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由as，than引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句。例如：While (I was) in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Great Wall.在北京时，我去游览了长城。If (you are) asked，you may come in.如果被叫到，你可以进来。She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.她站在门口好像在等人。Though cold，he still wore a shirt.尽管冷，他仍穿着件衬衫。示例1.(2010全国 11)_Though_to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.A.surprising B.was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised答案 C状语从句的省略题中省略了he was.示例2.(2010浙江08) The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly,can improve our health.A. being crried out B. carrying out C, carried out D. to carry out 答案 C解析 :考查if省略句式, prope r amounts of exercise are被省略.示例3(09湖南21) Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tiredB. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 答案 C 解析 省略句式。在if引导的条件状语从句中，从句中还原应为if am not tired from work，根据省略的原则，所以答案选C。示例4 Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss，not the workers.They just carried out the order .A.as toldB.as are toldC.as tellingD.as they told答案 A解析 as told=as they were told，此处是as引导的方式状语从句的省略。当从句主语与主句主语一致，且谓语动词含有be时，将从句的主语和be省略。又因为workers与tell之间是被动关系，排除C、D。示例5.(07全国28)We all know that，the situation will get worse.A.not if dealt carefully withB.if not carefully dealt withC.if dealt not carefully withD.not if carefully dealt with答案 B解析 that后跟宾语从句，宾语从句中含有一个主从句，if从句使用了省略句式，完整的形式应为if it is not carefully dealt with，it指代主句中的situation。注意有关if省略的特殊情况:if so(如果如此)；if any(如果有)；if in need(如果需要)；if necessary(如果有必要)。例如:Errors，if (there are) any，should be corrected.如果有什么错误，就应当改正。Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.有可能的话明天来。Get up early tomorrow，if not (you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus.明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。He may not be at home then，if so (he is not at home)，leave him a note.那时他可能不在家，如果这样给他留个字条吧。示例6.（2011江苏，33）It sounds like something is wrong with the car engine,_,we had better take it to the garage immediately.A otherwise B.If not C. But for that D.If so 答案 D解析if的省略句式。If so如果是这样的话。示例7.(09江西35) Some of you may have finished unit one. _ , you can go on to unit two. A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so 答案 D 解析 省略句的用法。 If so = If you have done that / so三语境中的省略语境中的省略，可以分为冠词的省略,主语的省略，省略谓语和谓语的一部分，强调句型的省略。例如1)（You）Come here at once 2).How are you?(I am)Fine, thank you示例1：_，he talks a lot his favorite singers after class.A、A quiet student as he may be B、Quiet student as he may be C、Be a quiet as he may D、Quiet as may be a student技巧点拨：选B，as引导让步状语从句时，表语student要置于句首，其前的冠词要省略。示例2,(06国35)Mary，hereeverybody else，stay where you are.A.comeB.comesC.to comeD.comi