2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: salt is bad for you regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “There is a direct relationship,” US congressman Neal Smith noted, “between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death.”Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,” Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably doesnt make much difference how much salt we eat.” Dustans most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.“An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population,” notes Dr. John H. Laragh. “So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense.”Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable “moderation” in salt consumption. For the average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table.Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt” exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr. admits that “we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension.” In fact, there is growing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium; obesity (much more dangerous than sodium); genetic predisposition; stress.“It is not your enemy,” says Dr. Laragh. “salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you dont need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up.”1. According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed _.2. Dr. Dustans study indicates _.3. In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that _.4. What does “moderation in salt consumption” most probably refers to?5. What is the main message of this text?问题1选项A.poses as an aggravating factor to people in poor healthB.cures diseases such as heart problem and circulatory disordersC.correlates to some diseasesD.is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease问题2选项A.a low-salt diet may do some good to peoples healthB.the amount of salt intake does not make much difference to ones blood pressureC.the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patientD.an extremely low-salt diet results in a low blood pressure问题3选项A.people should take excessive saltB.doctors should not advise people to avoid saltC.an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for peopleD.excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population问题4选项A.An excessive consumption of salt.B.Low-salt consumption.C.Both A and B.D.Neither A or B.问题5选项A.The salt scare is not justified.B.The cause of hypertension is now understood.C.The moderate use of salt is recommended.D.Salt consumption is to be promoted.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: salt is bad for you regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “There is a direct relationship,” US congressman Neal Smith noted, “between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death.”（近年来，医生们对食盐的攻击不断：不管你的健康如何，食盐对你都有害。政客们也加入了进来。美国国会议员尼尔史密斯指出：“一个人摄入的钠含量与心脏病、循环系统疾病、中风甚至早逝之间有直接关系。），说明医生和政客认为食盐的摄入量与某些疾病的发生息息相关。因此C选项“与一些疾病有关”正确。A选项“对健康状况不佳的人来说是一个加重的因素”在文章没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“可以治疗诸如心脏问题和循环系统紊乱等疾病”，由原文可知，食盐会加重这些疾病，所以B错误。D选项“与患有心脏病的人没有关系”与原文的表述相反，所以D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.（低盐饮食组中有一半的人血压确实下降了，当重新摄入盐时，血压又回到了之前的水平。），说明达斯顿博士的研究表明低盐饮食会使血压下降，回归正常的血压，对健康有好处。因此A选项“低盐饮食可能对人们的健康有好处”正确。B选项“盐的摄入量对人的血压没有什么影响”与原文的表述相反，所以B错误。C选项“减少盐的摄入可以治愈高血压患者”，D选项“低盐饮食会导致低血压的出现”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense.（所以建议所有人都避免吃盐是没有意义的。），说明拉勒夫博士认为不应该建议所有人都避免吃盐。因此B选项“医生不应该建议人们避免吃盐”正确。A选项“人们应该摄入过多的盐”