英语中几大从句的用法总结2010-03-16 22:08:46|分类： 语法学习 |标签： |字号大中小订阅 主语从句 主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *Itisafactapityaquestiongoodnewsthat. *Itseemsappearshappenedhasturnedoutthat. *Itisclearimportantlikelypossiblethat. *Itissaidreportedestimatedhasbeenprovedthat. *Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration. *Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful. what引导的主语从句表示“.的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 *Whatwelackisexperience. what, who, when, why, whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 *Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain. *IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.宾语从句 宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。inthat(因为),exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation. *AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeople wouldsayaboutfriendship. *Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnot goodforchildren. *Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong. 宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 *Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind. 在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 *Hedidntthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how等引导外，还可由because, asif(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. *Perhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisno onecommontypeoflifeinAmerica. *Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies. *Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句 移至宾补之后。 *Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether/who/when/where/what/why/how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact/idea/belief/news/hope/conclusion/evidence/suggestion/order/Problem/report,/decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 *Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow. *IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.*Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthe championship.5.定语从句【定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导】 限制性定语从句【限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who/whom/whose/which/that等who/whom/whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等】 *ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations. *Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingetting closetootherpeople. *Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithher grandmother. 1)当先行词是all/anything/everything/something/nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first/last/any/few/much/some/no/only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 *ThatisallthatIveheardfromhim. *HesthefirstpersonthatImgoingtointerviewthis afternoon. 2)在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 *Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup. *Thisisoneofthosethings(whichthat)wehavetoputupwith. 3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when/where/why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 *Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings. *Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.非限制性定语从句【非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略】 *Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull, whichisratherlike magnetism. “介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句【“介词 +whichwhomwhose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非 限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固 定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配】 *Thisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavings *Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar. as引导的定语从句【as引导的定语从句主要用于“such.as”及“thesame.as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间】 *Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as代替先行词problems) *Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcanControl whathappensontheInternet.(as代替主语)6.状语从句 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有： 1）when/whenever/while/as/after/before/since/till/until/once等。 *Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere. 2)assoonas/hardly(scarcely).when/nosooner.than/each(every)time/themoment/immediately(that)等。 *AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage, Ireceivedpositiveresponses. *Themomentheheardthegoodnews, hejumpedwithjoy.地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where, wherever. *Wherevershewent, shetookherlittledaughterwithher. 原因、结果和目的状语从句 1)引导原因状语从句的连词有：because/as/since/now(that)/seeingthat/consideringthat/inthat等。 *Consideringthatheisafreshman, wemustsayheisdoingwell