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一、可数名词都有单数和复数之分。A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:1.一般情况加 s : book- books mouth-mouths house-houses girl-girls2.以 s 、 sh 、 ch 、 x结尾的加 es : class- classes box-boxes match-matches 3.辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 i加es: city-cities country-countries party-parties factory-factories 4.以 o 结尾的词 +es的只有以下词 :heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos)5.以f, fe 结尾的 变f或fe为v +es : thief wife life knife wolf half leaf shelf(四)动词第三人称单数形式变化规则1、一般情况下,动词后直接加-s;如:help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。2、以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾加-es;如:dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加-es;如:study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries等。4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时,have改为has,如:He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时,be改为am,遇有主语是第二人称时,be改为are,遇有主语是第三人称单数时,be改为is(四)动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法: 1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing 。read-reading ,go-going ,visit-visiting 2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing。 live-living, write-writing,make-making,take-taking3、以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,双写这个字母再加-ing 。sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,put-putting4、少数几个以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y再加-ing。 die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律1、一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如:work -worked play-played wanted-wanted act-acted2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如:live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如:stop -stopped5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。过去式“-ed”的发音规则(1)动词词尾为“t,d”时,发/ id /音,want wanted (要)need needed (需要)(2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发/ t / 音。help helped (帮助)laugh laughed (笑)look looked (看)kiss kissed (吻)wash washed (洗) watch watched (注视)(3)动词词尾为t,d以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/ d /音。call called (叫)staystayed (停留)crycried (哭)英语不规则动词记忆表1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词costkstcostkstcostkst花费cutktcutktcutkt割,切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受伤hithithithithithit打,撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排,安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开,传播,涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt关上,闭起,停止营业2.AAB动词原形过去式过去分词 beatbi:tbeatbi:tbeatenbi:tn打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebikmbecamebikeimbecomebikm变comekmcamekeimcomekm来runrnranrnrunrn跑4.ABB(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhiheardh:dheardh:d听见hanghhanged/hunghhanged/hung绞死,悬挂learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt学习lightlaitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃,照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/provedpru:vn证明,证实,试验shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun,n使照耀,使发光showushowedshowed/shownun展示,给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻,嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/wokenwukn醒来,叫醒,激发(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建,重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费(3)原形oughtought动词原形过去式过去分词bringbribroughtbr:tbroughtbr:t带来buybaiboughtb:tboughtb:t买fightfaitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想(4)原形aughtaught动词原形过去式过去分词catchktcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教(5)变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词digdidugddugd掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound发现,找到getetgottgot/gottentn得到holdhuldheldheldheldheld拥有,握住,支持leadli:dledledledled引导,带领,领导meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇见sitsitsatstsatst坐shootu:tshottshott射击spitspitspit/spatsptspit/spatspt吐痰,stickstikstuckstkstuckstk插进,刺入,粘住,winwinwonwnwonwn赢(6)原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feelfi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftleftleft离开sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡觉sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept扫(7)其它动词原形过去式过去分词layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋,放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed说standstndstoods
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