中考英语易错考点-词义辨析 四川省南江县第二中学 梁显林1. high, low, expensive与cheap 辨析诀窍：价格（price）有高低（high、low），物品有贵贱（expensive、cheap）例题：（1）-Will you buy the red coat？-No，I wont. Its so _ that I cant afford it.A high B low C expensive D cheap （2）Its a useful dictionary. But the price is _. The little boy cant afford it.A high B low C expensive D cheap 2. hard ; hardly辨析诀窍：hardly（几乎不）不是hard的副词形式。例题：（1） He is interested in English. So he studies it hard. But he doesnt like Japanese, so he hardly studies Japanese.（2） Its raining so_ that we can _ go out.A. hard; hard B. hard; hardly C. hardly; hard D .hardly; hardly3. hard-working, hard work和work hard辨析诀窍:What hard work it is！He is a hard-working student, he always works hard at it.3. a number of 与 the number of 辨析诀窍: a lnumber of 相当于many或some，后跟名词复数作主语，谓语根据名词复数确定；the number of 后跟名词复数作主语，谓语根据the number确定用单数形式。例题：In our school library there _ a number of books on science and in these years the number of them _ growing larger and larger.A. are; is B. is; are C. have; are D. has; is4. .so .that.; .enough to.; . too.to的用法 辨析诀窍:so .that.表示“如此.以至于. ; too.to.表示“太.而不能.” ; enough to.;表示“足够.而达到.”或“不足够.而不能达到.”，即前肯后肯，前否后否。.so .that.后接句子；.enough to.;和. too.to.后接动词原形。例： （1） The boy is six years old, so he is so old that he can go to school.(同义句） The boy is six years old, so he is old enough to go to school. （2）The boy is only one years old,and he is so young that he cant go to school.(同义句） The boy is only one years old, and he is too young to go to school. The boy is only one years old, and he isnt old enough to go to school.5. allow/make与have的用法 辨析诀窍:（1）allow sb. to do sth. be allowed to do sth. allow doing sth.（表被动）例：His parents dont allow him to practice running on school nights.He isnt allowed to practice running on school nights.People dont allowed smoking here.（2） make sb. do sth. be made to do sthlet / have sb. do sth. get sb. to do sth.例：The boss used to make / have / let the workers work for 12 hours a day.The boss used to get the workers to work for 12 hours a day. The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by boss.（3） have / get sth. doneHe has already had / got his hair cut.have sth. to do - Would you like to go fishing with me this afternoon? - Sorry, we have lots of homework to do.6. 害怕. 辨析诀窍:be afraid to do sth. be afraid of sth. be afraid of doing sth. be afraid that . Im afraid so/not.be terrified of sth. be terrified of doing sth. 例题：- Are you afraid of dogs?-Yes, Im _ of them.A surprised B terrified C embarrassed D excited7. besides, except 与 except for 辨析诀窍: Besides 意思是“除之外，（还包括)，有“假除去”之意；except意思是“除之外，有“真除去”之意；except for意思是“除之外，强调除去不同类的。例：（1）Besides singing English songs, there are many other fun ways to learn English.（2）- All the workers went home yesterday_ Mr. White. Why?-Because he was on duty.A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside （3） The composition is well written_ a few spelling mistakes.A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside 8. kind of, a little, a bit, a little bit辨析诀窍:kind of/a little/a bit/a little bit shy ( kind of/a little/a bit/a little bit + 形容词原级)a little/a bit of milk (a little / a little bit + 不可数名词)a few books ( a few + 可数名词复数 )a kind of food（意思是一种食物）例：（1）There are many different kinds of food in the restaurant.（2）-Do you know that there are many different _ animals in the zoo?-Yes, I do. And I also know that some of them are _scaring.A. kinds of; kind of B kinds of; kinds of B. C kind of; kinds of D kind of; kind of9. used to do sth辨析诀窍:used to do sth. ( 过去常常干 )be/get used to doing sth. （习惯于干）be used to do sth. be used for doing sth. (被用作干被动语态)sb. use sth. to do sth. （某人用某物干主动语态）例：（1）I used to sleep late, but now I am used to getting up early.（2）Knives are used to cut things. = Knives are used for cutting things.= We use knives to cut things.10. 巧辨词义三姐（借）花钱买穿戴(带)三姐（借）花钱买穿戴(带)1. 三借：borrow，lend，keep Could I borrow your dictionary？= Could I borrow your dictionary from you？ （borrow sb. sth. = borrow sth. from sb.，向某人借某物，表示主语向别人借东西自己用。） Could you lend me your dictionary? = Could you lend your dictionary to me? ( lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.，借给某人某物，表示主语将自己的东西借给别人用。) Can I keep your dictionary for two days? （keep sth. for some time ，借某物用一段时间) 注：borrow，lend是短暂性动词，keep是延续性动词。