人之初性本善性相近习相远menattheirbirth,arenaturallygood.theirnaturesaremuchthesame;theirhabitsbecomewidelydifferent.苟不教性乃迁教之道贵以专iffollishlythereisnoteaching,thenaturewilldeteriorate.therightwayinteaching,istoattachtheutmostimportanceinthoroughness.昔孟母择邻处子不学断机杼ofold,themotherofmenciuschoseaneighbourhoodandwhenherchildwouldnotlearn,shebroketheshuttlefromtheloom.窦燕山有义方教五子名俱扬touoftheswallowhillshadtherightmethodhetaughfiveson,eachofwhomraisedthefamilyreputation.养不教父之过教不严师之惰tofeedwithoutteaching,isthefathersfault.toteachwithoutseverity,istheteacherslaziness.子不学非所宜幼不学老何为ifthechilddoesnotlearn,thisisnotasitshouldbe.ifhedoesnotlearnwhileyoung,whatwillhebewhenold?玉不琢不成器人不学不知义ifjadeisnotpolished,itcannotbecomeathingofuse.ifamandoesnotlearn,hecannotknowhisdutytowardshisneighbour.为人子方少时亲师友习礼仪hewhoisthesonofaman,whenheisyoung,shouldattachhimselftohisteachersandfriends;andpractiseceremonialusages.香九龄能温席孝於亲所当执hsiang,atnineyearsofage,couldwarmhisparentsbed.filialpietytowardsparents,isthattowhichweshouldholdfast.融四岁能让梨弟於长宜先知jung,atfouryearsofage,couldyieldthe(bigger)pears.tohehaveasayoungerbrothertowardselders,isoneofthefirstthingstoknow.首孝弟次见闻知某数识某文beginwithfilialpietyandfraternallove,andthenseeandhear.learntocount,andlearntoread.一而十十而百百而千千而万unitsandtens,thentensandhundreds,hundredsandthousands,thousandsandthentensofthousands.三才者天地人三光者日月星thethreeforces,areheaven,earthandman.thethreeluminaries,arethesun,themoonandthestars.三纲者君臣义父子亲夫妇顺thethreebonds,aretheobligationbetweensoverignandsubject,thelovebetweenfatherandchild,theharmonybetweenhusbandandwife.曰春夏曰秋冬此四时运不穷wespeakofspringandsummer,wespeakofautumnandwinter,thesefourseasons,revolvewithoutceasing.曰南北曰西东此四方应乎中wespeakofnorthandsouth,wespeakofeastandwest,thesefourpoints,respondtotherequirementsofthecentre.曰火水木金土此五行本乎数wespeakofwater,fire,wood,metalandearth.thesefiveelements,havetheirorigininnumber.曰仁义礼智信此五常不容紊wespeakofcharity,ofdutytowardsoneneighbour,ofpropriety,ofwisdom,andoftruth.thesefivevirtues,admitofnocompromise.稻粱菽麦黍稷此六谷人所食rice,spike,millet,pulsewheat,glutinousmilletandcommonmillet,thesesixgrains,arethosewhichmeneat.马牛羊鸡犬豕此六畜人所饲thehorse,theox,thesheep,thefowl,thedog,thepig.thesesixanimals,arethosewhichmenkeep.曰喜怒曰哀惧爱恶欲七情具wespeakofjoy,ofanger,wespeakofpity,offear,oflove,ofhateandofdesire.thesearethesevenpassions.匏土革木石金与丝竹乃八音thegound,earthenware,skinwood,stonemetal,silkandbamboo,yieldtheeightmusicalsounds.高曾祖父而身身而子子而孙greatgreatgrandfather,greatgrandfather,grandfather,fatherandself,selfandson,sonandgrandson,自子孙至玄曾乃九族人之伦fromsonandgrandson,ontogreatgrandsonandgreatgreatgrandson.thesearethenineagnates,constitutingthekinshipsofman.父子恩夫妇从兄则友弟则恭affectionbetweenfatherandchild,harmonybetweenhusbandandwife,friendlinessonthepartofelderbrothers,respectfulnessonthepartofyoungerbrothers,长幼序友与朋君则敬臣则忠procedence(?)betweeneldersandyoungers,(probably:precedence)asbetweenfriendandfriend.respectonthepartofthesovereign,loyaltyonthepartofthesubject.此十义人所同thesetenobligations,arecommontoallmen.凡训蒙须讲究详训诂名句读intheeducationoftheyoung,thereshouldbeexplanationandeluciation,carefulteachingoftheinterpretationsofcommentators,anddueattentiontoparagraphsandsentences.为学者必有初小学终至四书thosewhoarelearners,musthaveabeginning.thelittlelearningfinished,theyproceedtothefourbooks.论语者二十篇群弟子记善言thereisthelunyu(discourseoranalects),intwentysections.inthis,thevariousdisciples,haverecordedthewisesayingsofconfucious.孟子者七篇止讲道德说仁义theworksofmencius,havecomprisedinsevensection.theseexplainthewayandexemplificationsthereof,andexpoundclarityanddutytowardsonesneighbour.作中庸子思笔中不偏庸不易thechungyung(thedoctrineofthemean),bythepenoftzu-su;chung(themiddle)beingthatwhichodesnotleantoward!sanyside,yung(thecourse)beingthatwhichcannotbechanged.作大学乃曾子自修齐至平治hewhowrotethegreatlearningwasthephilosophertseng.beginningwithcultivationoftheindividualandorderingofthefamily,itgoesontogovernmentofonesownstateand