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勾股定理 习题精选1习题:1等边三角形的高是h,则它的面积是( )Ah2 Bh2Ch2 Dh2答案:B说明:如图,ABC为等边三角形,ADBC,且AD = h,因为B = 60,ADBC,所以BAD = 30;设BD = x,则AB = 2x,且有x2+h2 = (2x)2,解之得x =h,因为BC = 2BD =h,所以SABC =BCAD =hh =h2,所以答案为B2直角三角形的周长为12cm,斜边长为5cm,其面积为( )A12cm2 B10cm2C8cm2 D6cm2答案:D说明:设直角三角形的两条直角边长分别为xcm、ycm,依题意得:由(1)得x+y = 7(3),由(3)得(x+y)2 = 72,即x2+y2+2xy = 49,因为x2+y2 = 25,所以25+2xy = 49,即xy = 12,这样就有S =xy =12 = 6,所以答案为D3如图,ABC中,ACB=90,AC12,CB5,AMAC,BNBC,则MN的长是( )A2 B2.6C3 D4答案:D说明:RtACB中,利用勾股定理有AB2 = AC2+BC2 = 122+52 = 169,因此得,AB = 13,由已知得AM = AC = 12,BN = BC = 5,所以AM+BN = AM+BM+MN = AB+MN = 17,所以MN = 17AB = 1713 = 4,答案为D4直角三角形的面积为S,斜边长为2m,则这个三角形的周长是( )A+2mB+mC2(+m)D2+m答案:C说明:如图,设AC = x,BC = y,则xy = S;因为CD为中线,且CD = m,所以AB = 2CD = 2m,所以x2+y2 = ( 2m)2 = 4m2,(x+y)2 = x2+2xy+y2 = (x2+y2)+2xy = 4m2+4S,即x+y =,所以ABC的周长为:AC+BC+AB = x+y+ 2m =+ 2m = 2(+m),答案为C5如图,已知边长为5的等边ABC纸片,点E在AC边上,点F在AB边上,沿着EF折叠,使点A落在BC边上的点D的位置,且EDBC,则CE的长是( )A1015B105C55D2010答案:D说明:设DC = x,因为C = 60,EDBC,所以EC = 2x;因为AEFDEF,所以AE = DE = 52x;由勾股定理得:x2+(52x)2 = (2x)2,即x220x+25 = 0,解得x = 105;因为DC= 70所以,这个木箱能容下小明的这根木棒10如图,ABC中,A = 90,E是AC的中点,EFBC,F为垂足,BC = 9,FC = 3,求AB解:如图,作ADBC因为EFBC,所以AD/EF因为E为AC中点,所以F为DC的中点因为FC = 3,所以DF = 3,DC = 3+3 = 6因为BC = 9,所以BD = 96 = 3设EC = x,则AC = 2x由勾股定理得:AC2 = AD2+DC2,AB2 = AD2+BD2所以AC2AB2 = DC2BD2即AC2AB2 = 6232 = 27因为A = 90,由勾股定理得AB2+AC2 = BC2 = 81由得2AB2 = 8127 = 54,所以AB2 = 27,即AB = 3
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