新概念第三册必会语法精粹：独立主格结构 此独立形式只是一个小短语，而不是主谓完整的简洁句，又称之为独立分词构句。当分词意义上的主语不是主句的主语时，必需在分词前保存意义上的主语，否则语意不通。(定义有点费解，多看几遍) 例如： Being ill in bed, I can”t go to school. Mother being ill in bed, I can”t go to school. (1) 独立主构造形式可用以表时间，理由，条件，伴随状态等 He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him. = He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him. Weather permitting, I”ll start tomorrow. = If weather permits, I”ll start tomorrow. School being over, the boys went home. = When school was over, the boys went home. The sun having set, we arrived at the station. = After the sun had set, we arrived at the station. 王牌重点：当独立主格构造的主语表示“一般人”，如：we, one, you时，主语可省略，此用法常用于以下表达方式中： generally speaking 一般来说 strictly speaking 严格地说 talking of . 谈到 speaking of . 说到 judging from . 由来推断 taking all things into consideration 把一切都考虑在内 considering . 考虑到 例如： If we judge from his face, he must be ill. = Judging from his face, he must be ill. He has lots of books if we consider that he is young. = He has lots of books, considering that he is young. (2)with 复合构造也是独立主格构造形式之一。这种构造在句中作状语(表示缘由，方式，伴随等)和定语，作定语时紧随被修饰名词后。 1.with+ 名词 + 介词短语： The woman with a baby on her back is my sister. The boy rushed into the room, with his schoolbag in his hand. 2.with + 名词 + adj. with the door open, he left the classroom. 3.with + 名词 + adv. With the gloves off, she felt cold. With the lights on, the building looks beautiful. 4.with + 名词 + 现在分词(主动) with + 名词 + 过去分词(被动) Withthe guide leading us, we got to the village. The boy was crying with the vase broken. 5.with + 名词 + 不定式 With the hard work to be done, we have to prepare for it.