一、句子成分练习一 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.练习二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden. w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m练习三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 二并列句的分类并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e. g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e. g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e. g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 三祈使句结构1. Do + 2. Be + predictive +3. Dont + do + 4. Dont + be + predictive5. Let + object + do + .e.g. 1) Come in, please. 2) Pass her a piece of paper. 3) Be a good boy. 4) Be careful not to touch it. 5) Dont read in a moving bus. 6) Dont be so silly. 7) Lets have a rest. 8) Let the boy in, please四感叹句结构1. What (+ adj.) + n.+ S. + v.! 2. How + adj./adv. + S. + v.! 3. How + S. + v.! 4. How + adj.+ a / an + n. + S. + v.!e.g. 1) What a silly boy he is! 2) What terrible weather we are having! 3) How hard they are working! 4) How wonderful to be invited to a palace ball!五反意疑问句： e.g. 1) You are tired, arent you? 2) You wouldnt leave for long, will you?九否定式结构1S. + be + not + predictive. e.g. He is an engineer. _.2. S. + has/ have + not a + object . S. + has/ have + no + object .e.g. I have brother. _. 3. There + be + not a / not any + S. e.g. There is a book on the table._.4. S. + do/does/did + not + do e.g. He came to school yesterday._.5. S. + 助动词 + not + do e.g. 1) He is not crying. 2) I shall not ask him for help.6. S. + 情态动词 + not + do e.g. You neednt worry.7. not + to do / doing / done + e.g. 1) Not knowing the truth, he scolded her. 2) I regretted not attending the meeting. 3) We said so not to flatter(奉承) him.8. not + both/ each/ every/ the whole / always 部分否定 完全否定分别用：_. e.g.1) All the answers are not correct. 2) Everything doesnt go well. 3) She hasnt done the job completely. 4) Nobody can work it out. 5) None of the students is from Shanghai.9. 由nor, neither构成否定承接句： Neither / Nor + 助/系/情态动词 + S