江西万载县兴源冲铜矿成矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨江西万载县兴源冲铜矿成矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨摘要：江西万载县兴源冲铜矿床是一种典型的铜矿床，其成矿地质特征包括矿体产出位置、岩性、构造、控矿构造、氧化带特征等。文章主要通过对矿床的特征研究及分析，探讨了其成矿机制、成矿过程等，认为兴源冲铜矿的成矿过程主要经历了风化、氧化、趋肥化、硫化等阶段，并与地质构造密切相关。关键词：兴源冲铜矿；成矿地质；矿床成因；地质构造1. Introduction万载县兴源冲铜矿床位于江西省南部，是一种典型的铜矿床。其地质特征较为复杂，不仅包括岩性、构造、控矿构造的影响，还受矿体产出位置、氧化带特征等因素的影响。本文将结合现有研究成果及野外考察结果，对兴源冲铜矿的成矿地质特征及成矿机制进行探讨。2. Geological Characteristics of the Xingyuanchong Copper Deposit2.1 Ore Body OccurrenceThe Xingyuanchong copper deposit is mainly distributed in the limestone layer of the lower Silurian system. The ore body is controlled by the stratigraphic structure and shows mainly in the bedding shape-controlled structure. The mineralization degree and the continuity of the copper deposit are good. The copper ore mainly exists in the form of disseminated sulfide minerals, with the main sulfide minerals being chalcopyrite, followed by pyrite and minor amounts of sphalerite and galena. 2.2 Rock TypeThe host rock of the Xingyuanchong copper deposit is mainly limestone, and a small amount of dolomite rocks can be seen in the mine area. The limestone is mainly composed of fine-grained calcite, and there are abundant fossils.2.3 Tectonic Settings The Xingyuanchong copper deposit is located in the southeast margin of the Yangtze craton. The study area is controlled by the Gan-Hang tectonic belt and is located in the northwest-trending Meijiang-Hailang tectonic belt. The deposit is located on the southeastern slope of the Late Paleozoic Meiwu uplift. The deposit is located in the northwest-southeast direction, and the mineralization is mainly controlled by NWW-NW-trending extensional faults and fractures.2.4 Ore Control StructureThe Xingyuanchong copper deposit is mainly controlled by the lithostratigraphic structure and is in the shape-controlled strata. The ore body is mainly located on the fracture zone of the second and third marble layers of the lower Silurian system. The copper ore is mainly distributed in the small fissures of the stratiform copper deposit, and the disseminated textures are also developed.2.5 Characteristics of the Oxidation ZoneThe general composition of the oxidation zone of the Xingyuanchong copper deposit is sulfide minerals that have been oxidized, and the mineral types have changed significantly. Sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite, pyrite, and sphalerite have been replaced by various secondary minerals such as malachite, azurite, and limonite. The structure of the ore body has changed after the oxidation, and the thickness of the ore has also changed.3. Discussion on the Formation Mechanism of the Xingyuanchong Copper Deposit 3.1 Weathering StageThe Xingyuanchong copper deposit experienced a certain amount of weathering before the formation of the ore body, resulting in the formation of a complete karst system. The karst system has provided favorable channels for the infiltration of mineralizing fluids and played an important role in the occurrence of copper mineralization.3.2 Oxidation StageThe Xingyuanchong copper deposit had a long period of oxidation before the formation of the ore body. The copper ore underwent a series of oxidation and bioleaching processes under the action of atmospheric oxygen and microorganisms to form a leaching enrichment zone.3.3 Enrichment StageThe Xingyuanchong copper deposit went through a certain period of downward migration of copper ions and then rose upward to form a copper enrichment zone. The copper ions were primarily transported by sulfide complexes and then deposited in the surrounding rock pores, fractures, and voids.3.4 Sulfurization StageThe Xingyuanchong copper deposit had strong sulfurization at the end of the overall mineralization. During the sulfurization stage, the orebody was reconstructed, and the original carbonate minerals in the gangue rock were replaced by sulfide minerals. The occurrence pattern of the ore body was altered, and the copper mineralization became more concentrated.4. ConclusionThe Xingyuanchong copper deposit is a typical copper deposit. Through field research and analysis, it can be concluded that the formation mechanism of the deposit mainly involves a series of complex geological processes such as weathering, oxidation, enrichment, and sulfurization. The occurrence of the deposit is closely related to the geological structure, and the formation of the deposit is mainly controlled by stratigraphic structure, bedding shape-controlled structure, and NWW-NW-trending extensional faults and fractures. The study of the Xingyuanchong copper deposit not only provides valuable guidance for prospecting work in the region but also has important reference value for the research of copper deposits under similar geological conditions.5. Factors Controlling the Formation of the Xingyuanchong Copper Deposit5.1 LithologyThe host rock of the Xingyuanchong copper deposit is mainly limestone. Limes