Unit 1 The Rootsof ChemistryI. prehension.1.C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. BII. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.1. The purificationof an organic poundis usuallya matter of considerable difficulty, andit is necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.2. Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is also an activity by which knowledge is generated.3. Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a single mundane planet.4. People are made of molecules;some of the moleculesin people are rather simple whereas others arehighly plex.5. Chemistry is ever present in our livesfrom birth to death because without chemistrythere is neither life nor death.6. Mathematics appears to be almost as humankindand also permeates all aspects of human life, although many of usare not fullyaware of this.III. Translation.1. (a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation2. It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like/and so on/and so forth/and otherwise.3. Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activity in chemistry goes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times.4. According to/From the evaporation of water, people know/realized that liquids can turn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment.5. You must know the properties of the material before you use it.IV. Translation化学是三种根底自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进展，甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。这三步是：I物理进化化学元素的产生，II化学进化分子和生物分子的形成；和III生物进化有机物的形成和开展。V. Solution:1The relative mass of 1H and 12C atoms can be calculated from their absolute masses in grams.If the mass of a 12C atom is exactly 12 amu,then the mass of a 1H atom to five significant figures must be 1.0078 amu.12 amu x 0.083986 = 1.0078 amu2First we calculate k and then use the first-order rate equation.The bone was tossed away (more precisely, the animal whose bone was died) about 6100 years ago, or about 4100 B.C. We can thus be sure that a village was in existence at that place at that time.Unit 7 The Nomenclature of Inorganic SubstancesI. prehensionII. Give the systematic name for the followingammonium ion ; copper(II) ion ; strontium ion;Ccopper(I) ion; iron(II) ion; zinc ion; hydrogen ion; lead(II) ion; aluminum; silver ion; magnesium ion; chromium(III) ion; Barium ; Manganese(II) ion; iron(III) ion; calcium ion; mercury(II) ion; chromium(II) ion; tin(II) ion. carbon monoxide; ditrogen trioxide; carbon dioxide; diphosphorus pentoxide; sulfur trioxide; dichlorine heptoxide arsenate ion; sulfite ion; hydride ion; arsenite ion; bromide ion; hydroxide ion; phosphate ion; chlorate ion; hypochlorite ion;phosphate ion; chloride ion; iodate ion; carbonate ion; chlorite ion; nitrate ion; chromate ion; cyanide ion; iodide ion; dichromate ion; fluoride ion; nitrate ion; oxide ion; hydrogen carbonate ion; nitrite ion; sulfide ion; hydrogen sulfate ion; perchlorate ion; sulfate ion; hydrogen sulfite ion; permanganate ion.III. plete the table.FormulaOld nameSystematic nameFeOiron (II) oxide Fe2O3iron (III) oxideSn(OH)2tin(II) hydroxideSn(OH)4tin(IV) hydroxideHg2SO4mercury (I) sulfateHgSO4mercury (II) sulfateNaCLOsodium hypochloriteK2Cr2O7potassium dichromateCu3(AsO4)2copper(II) arsenateCr(C2H3O2)3chromium(IV) acetateIV. Acid names may be obtained directly from its acid ion by changing the name of the acid ion (negative ion). Use the rule to give the name of the following acid.Formula of acidOld nameName of acidH2CO3carbonic acidHClO2chlorous acidHClO4perchloric acidHhydrocyanic acidHBrhydrobromic acidH4SiO4silicic acidH3AsO4arsenic acidV. plete the sentences with the proper form of the word given at the end of the sentence.1.is altered; 2.To illustrate 3.indicates 4.should expect 5.would cancel 6. are pulled 7.depend on 8.are; referred 9.formed 10.have discussedVI. Translation1. Matter can neither be created nor be destroyed/eliminated.2. It is necessary that a scientist must know how to use fingures to get an accutate answer to question.3. Any substance is made of atoms whether it is solid, liquid or gas.4. The experiment was successful. Its results wasthe same as what we had expected.5. It will not be long before we finish the experiment.VII. Write equations for the following acid-base reactions. Use the information in inorganic textbook to predict whether the equilibrium will favor the reactants or the products.