高考英语知识梳理-实义动词实义动词 一、按词汇功能分类一、按词汇功能分类1.不及物动词ache 疼痛apologize 道歉appear 出现arrive 到达come 来 cough 咳嗽 cry 哭dance 跳舞 die 死disappear 消失exist 存在 fall 掉 flow 流淌go 去happen 发生lie 躺 listen 听rise 升起run 跑stay 呆、留sit 坐 stand 站succeed 成功 swim 游泳2.及物动词accept 接受borrow 借bury 埋cover 覆盖defeat 挫败discover 发现enjoy 喜欢 excite 使激动forget 忘记guess 猜测 interest 使感兴趣love 热爱please 使高兴put 放 raise 提高 surprise 使凉讶3.双宾语动词（1）及物动词+sth.to sb.allow 允许award 授予bring 带给hand 交给mail 邮寄 offer 提供owe 欠pass 传递pay 付给 sell 卖给 lend 借给 write 写post 邮递 read 读给 return 归还 send 寄给serve 招待show 展示 take 拿给 teach 教导 tell 告诉 throw 扔He gave me a picture-book as a present.他给我一本图画书做礼物。He gave a picture-book to me as a present.I returned him the storybook.我把故事书还给他了。I returned the storybook to him.（2）及物动词+sth.for sb.book 预定buy 买choose 选择cook 做饭draw 画fetch 去取 pick 选择 make 制作order 订购 get 得到prepare 准备 save 节省 sing 唱歌steal 偷 fix 安装find 找到 He bought me a picture-book as a present.他给我买了一本图画书做礼物。He bought a picture-book for me as a present.Ive ordered you an air ticket.我已为你预订了一张机票。Ive ordered an air ticket for you.【提示】只能用“动词+直宾+to+间宾”结构动词：explain，announce，report，suggest。The teacher explained the difficult point of grammar to me.老师给我讲解了语法难点。He announced to her his intention of going.他向她宣布他打算离开。I reported the theft to the police.我向警方报告了这起盗窃案。He suggested the plan to Haas.他向哈斯提出那个计划。4.复合结构动词（1）及物动词+宾语+形容词believe 相信consider 认为cut 切dye 染declare 宣布 drive 驱使find 发现force 强迫imagine 想象judge 判断 keep 使保持 leave 留下 make 使 push 推 paint 漆 set 使ou drive me mad when you say that.你讲这话真叫我恼火。They judged her stupid.他们认为她很蠢。Please set the bird free.请把鸟放掉吧。Mr Tomshon declared his story false.汤姆逊先生说他讲的事是假的。（2）及物动词+宾语+名词call 叫choose 选择consider 认为elect 选举find 找到keep 使make 使变为name 命名wish 祝愿We consider him a strange person.我们认为他是一个奇特的人。We find him an honest man.我们发现他是个诚实的人。We elected him chairman of the club.我们选他任俱乐部主席。【提示】 chairman是表示唯一的职务的名词，作宾补时前面不加冠词。（3）及物动词+宾语+to doadvise 建议allow 允许ask 要求beg 请求encourage 鼓励expect 期望get 使invite 邀请 order 命令teach 教tell 告诉warn 警告 want 想要 wish 希望Mother often tells me to make friends carefully.妈妈经常告诫我交朋友要慎重。I persuaded him to accept the plan.我说服他接受这个计划。（4）及物动词+宾语+dolook at 看notice 注意observe 观察see 看见watch 注意看listen to 听hear 听见 feel 感觉have 使 let 让make 使The pain made him cry out.他痛得叫喊起来。I have never observed him act like that.我从来没见过他如此表现。We felt the house shake just now.我们刚才感觉房子晃了一下。Did you notice anyone take the book away？ 你看到谁把那本书拿走了吗？（5）及物动词+宾语+to bebelieve 相信consider 认为declare 宣布find 发现imagine 相信judge 判断prove 证明report 报道think 认为deny 否认discover 发觉 feel 感觉guess 猜测know 知道suppose 架设understand 理解They all believe the story to be true.他们都相信这篇报道是真实的。He declared the story to be false.他断言这篇报道是假的。Imagine yourself to be in his place.设想你自己处于他的地位，那又会怎么样呢？We judged the distance to be about four miles.我们估计距离大约是 4 英里。（6）及物动词+宾语+doingbring 引起catch 碰上 discover 发现feel 感觉get 使（动起来）have 让（一直）hear 听见keep 使（一直）leave 听任 find 发觉 start 使（引起）watch 观察 set 使（引起）notice 注意到 observe 观察 see 看见 send 使（突然）Her cries brought the neighbors running.她的哭喊声引得邻居们都跑来了。The teacher caught the boy cheating.那孩子在作弊的时候被老师发现了。I discovered him living next to me.我发现他就住在我的隔壁。He felt himself getting younger and younger.他感到自己越活越年轻了。His words got us thinking.他的话使我们思索起来。His behaviour set people talking.他的行动引起了人们的议论。The victory sent our spirits rising.胜利使得我们非常高兴。He left me waiting outside in the rain.他让我站在雨里等候。His criticism started me thinking seriously.他的批评引起我认真思考。（7）及物动词+宾语+donefind 发现feel 感觉get 使have 使hear 听见make 使see 看见 think 认为 watch 注意看I couldnt make myself heard by all the listeners.我不能使所有听众都能听见我。He found himself surrounded by a group of children.他发现自己被一群孩子包围了。（8）及物动词+宾语+副词ask 叫、让drive 驱使find 发现get 使invite 邀请let 让see 看见shut 关闭show 领Can I ask Bob in？ 我可以让鲍勃进来吗？Show the visitor in，please.请把客人带进来。They fought bravely to drive the enemy out.他们勇敢地战斗把敌人赶出去。（9）及物动词+宾语+介词短语discover 发现feel 感觉find 发现get 使have 使hear 听见keep 保持make 使notice 注意到see 看见Dont have children at home all day.Give them time to play outdoors.不要让孩子老呆在家里。给他们外出玩耍的时间。She discovered the cat under the table.她发现那只猫在桌子下。Keep these books on the shelf and take them when necessary.把所有的书放在书架上，用时随时拿。5.常用被动句式的实义动词be accustomed to 使习惯于