聚焦定语从句(1）温故知新我们初中的时候学过形容词、名词等作定语来修饰某一名词或代词。那么句子可以作定语吗？可以！如果一个句子充当了定语，那么我们称之为定语从句。先来看这样两个句子：1) The man is my English teacher. 2) I met him in the street. 如果想把这两个句子合并成一个句子，我们可将句2) 转换成定语从句来修饰the man，即：The man that / who / whom I met in the street is my English teacher. 这个句子中的that / who / whom I met in the street 就充当了the man的定语，它就是定语从句；而被修饰的the man叫做先行词。另外，你发现了吗？句2)中的him换成了关系代词that / who / whom，并放在了定语从句的最前面，我们把that, who, whom等词叫做引导词。例句呈现1. Is he the man that / who sells the dog?2. Do you know the boy whom / who / that I talked with just now?3. She was not on the train that / which arrived just now.4. What do you think of the photos that / which I took in the park?5. The book whose cover is green was lost yesterday.6. The first place that we visited in Beijing was the Great Wall.7. It was the largest map that I ever saw.8. I have read all the books that you lent me.9. Is there anything else that I can do for you?10. They talked about the people and things that they remembered in the old days.11. Who is the man that shook hands with you just now?小结归纳 关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose都可以引导定语从句，使用它们时我们应该考虑两点：1. 先行词是“人”还是“物”；2. 关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分。 首先，当先行词是“人”时：1) 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用that / who，如：句1；2) 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom / that / who，如：句 2。 其次，先行词如果是“物”时：可用关系代词that / which来充当主语或者宾语，如：句3、4。 综上所述， that既可以指“人”又可以指“物”，而which只能指“物”，who / whom只能指“人”；who / that / which 都可以作主语或宾语，而whom只能作宾语；此外， whose 在定语从句中放在某一个名词或代词前作定语，如：句5。特别需要指出的是：当关系代词作宾语时常常省略，而作主语时则不能省略，如：句2、4、6、7、8、9、10中的关系代词可以省略；而句1、3、11中的关系代词不可以省略。 另外，还有一些情况一般只用that引导定语从句：(1) 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，如：句6、7；(2) 当先行词被all, some, any, no, little, much等修饰时，如：句8； (3) 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时，如：句9；(4) 当先行词既有人又有物时，如：句10；(5) 当主句以疑问词who或which开头时，如：句11。即学即用请完成下列句子。1. Do you like the present _ I bought you yesterday?2. The storybook _ was written by his uncle is quite interesting.3. The boy _ computer doesnt work well needs your help.4. This is the best movie _ we have seen this year.5. The doctor _ we met in the street is from America.6. The passengers and the suitcases _ were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane. 7. Who is the girl _ you want to make friends with?8. This is the last lesson _ Mr. Smith taught us.聚焦定语从句(2)“关系副词、介词 + 关系代词”篇温故知新上个单元我们学习了关系代词that / which / who等引导定语从句的用法，那么今天我们来共同探讨一下when / where / why这类关系副词是如何引导定语从句的，并且我们还要零距离接触“介词 + 关系代词”在先行词和从句之间的用法。例句呈现先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下：when / where / why都经常放在哪类词语后引导定语从句呢？它们又作什么成分？“介词 + 关系代词” 又是如何放在先行词和从句之间的？1. Do you remember the days when / in which I stayed with you in the USA?2. The factory where / in which he worked for twenty years is closing down.3. The reason why / for which he was late for school was that he didnt catch the bus.4. I have read the book in which you are interested.5. The man with whom I talked just now comes from Japan.6. This is the book which she is looking for.小结归纳when通常放在表示时间的名词后引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，如：句1；where放在表示地点的名词后引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，如：句2；而why经常放在reason的后面来引导定语从句，在从句中作原因状语，如：句3。 引导定语从句时，关系副词一般可以转化为“介词 + 关系代词(which)”，即：when / where 可转化为on / in / at . + which，why可转化为for which（在口语中可用that或省略），这也是定语从句中的一种常见现象。需要特别注意的是此时介词后的关系代词只能用which，that此时是不能和其互换的，如：句1、2、3。另外，指代先行词的关系代词which, whom在从句中作介词宾语时，可以把“介词 + 关系代词(which / whom)”一起放在先行词和从句之间，介词宾语只能用which代物，用whom代人，如：句4、5；但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如：句6。聚焦高考 下面让我们来看看高考中对定语从句是怎样考查的吧！1. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (上海 2005)A. that B. which C. when D. where（注意：斜体部分为最佳选项。下同。）2. Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? (北京2005春)A. where B. when C. that D. what 3. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. (广东2005)A. in which B. by which C. which D. that4. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. (江西 2005)A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which 通过做上面的高考试题你发现了哪些特点？一起来总结一下吧：1） where放在表示地点的名词后引导定语从句，可是不一定表示地点的名词后的定语从句都用where来引导。选用什么引导词，要看定语从句中所缺少的成分，若缺少地点状语，用where或“介词 + 关系代词(which)”，如：题1；若缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that / which，如：题2。同样，当先行词是表示时间或原因的名词时，是用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句，也取决于引导词在定语从句中所充当的成分。若作状语，用关系副词(when, why)或“介词 + 关系代词(which)”，若作主语、宾语或表语，用关系代词that / which。2）“介词 + 关系代词(which / whom)”放在先行词和从句之间时，依据需要，介词可以根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定，如：题3；也可以根据从句中谓语动词的某种习惯搭配来确定，如：题4。即学即用 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come. (重庆 2006)A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which2. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us