分词归纳复习现在分词和过去分词的基本用法一、分词的基本概念和形式v 分词有现在分词和过去分词两部分v 现在分词表示主动意义和动作在进行，现在分词的一般式指分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生。现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。v 过去分词表示被动意义和动作已完成（不及物动词的过去分词之表示动作已完成）。v 肯定式：一般式: doing 完成式: having donev 否定式：一般式: not doing 完成式:not having donev 现在分词完成时的被动式：v having been done, not having been done v Being poor, he couldnt go to school.v Having worked in the country for years, he know how to grow vegetable.v Heated, this kind of wood give off much smoke.分词的用法：v 一、定语：v 分词作定语与所修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示被修饰的名词的动作或行为。现在分词与所修饰的中心词为主动关系、且表示动作正在进行；及物动词的过去分词与所修饰的中心词为被动关系（动宾关系）、且动作已完成。不及物动词的过去分词与所修饰的中心词为主动关系，表示已完成的动作。v 单个的分词一般要前置，分次短语则要后置。v 分词短语作定语相当于一个定语从句，现在分词短语可改为一个主动的定于从句，其时态可以是一般时态，也可以是进行时态；而过去分次短语作定语则改为一个被动的定语从句。For examplesv burning house falling leavesv broken cup fallen leaves v a boy standing over there a letter posted yesterday v The pupils playing in park( who are playing in the park) are my classmates .v The building standing over there (which stands over there) is our new teaching building.v The machine made in China (which is made in China) works well.v How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields (which were wasted in the woods and fields)Excisesv Most of the artists_ to the party were from South America. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited v The computer center,_ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened v A. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written v The bell _ the end of the period rang, _ out heated discussion. A. Indicating/ interrupting B. indicated/ interrupting C. Indicating/ interrupted D. indicated/ interruptedv There was a terrible noise _ the suddenly burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. having followedv This is an _ speech. All students were _ . A. inspiring/ inspired B. inspiring/ inspiring C. inspired/ inspired D. inspired/ inspiring二、表语v 分词作表语有以下三种基本句式：v 、主语（人）系动词（使人如何、有被动含义）。v 、主语（物）系动词Ving（令人如何、主动含义）。v 、主语（物）系动词（表示已存在的状态或性质）。v 除动词be外，还有动词get, become, feel, seem, look等可以接分词作表语。v The woman was deeply moved.v She feels a bit discouraged at the result.v The news is very exciting.v The school gate is shut now.三、宾语补足语v 分词作宾语补和不定式宾足一样，与宾语有逻辑主谓过关系。现在分词与宾语是主动关系，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生（即动作在进行）。 不定式与宾语也是主动关系，表示动作发生的过程。过去分词与宾语是被动关系，且表示动作已完成。v 主要有以下三个句型：v S+谓语+O+ to do sth (表示动作过程）。v S+谓语+O+ doing sth （表示动作在进行）。v S+谓语+O+ done （表示动作已完成）。For examples v I heard a girl crying next door.v I heard someone knocking at the door.v He kept me waiting for a long time.v I saw Tom enter the room.v He left me to do all the work.v I found my key lost.v I found the boy beaten black and blue.v He made himself understood.v John will get his room painted.另外应注意下几个句型v have sb/sth doing (使/让/叫某人/物持续做某事）。v get sb /sth doing (使/让/叫某人/物持续做某事)v have sb /sth do (使/叫/让某人/物做某事）。v get sb /sth to do (使/叫/让某人/物做某事)v have sth done (某事被做了或使某人遭受.) v get sth done (某事被做了或使某人遭受)v They had the machine working day and night.v He got the soldiers moving ahead.v Mother had me go to shop.v I cant get him to stop smoking.v Ill have (get) my bike repaired tomorrow.v Tom had his legs broken while playing football.四、状语v 分词作状语表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和伴随等状语。分词作状语与句子的主语有逻辑主谓关系，现在分词与句子主语为主动关系（主谓关系）; 过去分词与句子的主语为被动关系（动宾关系）。v 若分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成式。v 分词作状语相当于状语从句，可以和when. while. if .though等连用。v 分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，否则，用独立结构。For examplsv Hearing the news, he was excited.v Be careful when crossing the street.v Having been bitten by a sank, she was frightened at it.v Given a chance, I can surprise the world.v Teacher came into the lab followed by some students.v Being blind man, how could they see?v Seeing from the top of the high building, you can see the whole city of Beijing. Seen from the top of the high building, Beijing looks very beautiful.下列分词作状语时不受主语的限制v 1.generally speaking, frankly speaking, judging from, considering, providing, supposing, taking everything into consideration, to tell you the truth etc,etc.v 2.with (without) +n (porn) +doing; with (without) +n (porn) + to do sth ; with (without ) + n (porn) +done 结构中，分词和不定式的应用与分词和不定式作宾语不足语相似。第 1 页 共 3 页