初二英语-句子成分及基本句型分析教学目的1、 掌握句子成分及其用法，学会分析；2、 掌握五种基本句型；3、 掌握解题技巧重点难点重点：1、理解并活运用基本句型。难点：1、句子成分及分析。 2、解题技巧及方法。教学内容即学即练即学即练 课前一句 Rome wasnt built in a day. Work harder and practice more. Your hardworking will be rewarded by god one day. God is equal to everyone! 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。更加努力地学习，更加勤奋地操练。 你所付出的一切将会得到上帝的报答，上帝是公平的。教师寄语 播下一个行动，收获一种习惯；播下一种习惯，收获一种性格；播下一种性格，收获一种命运。老师真心希望你越来越优秀！加油，谢德阳！相信自己！ 智能梳理 一、主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：The car is running fast.(名词)We are students.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)Its bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) To be a teacher is my dream.Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。即学即练二、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：He works in a factory.(实义动词)I felt cold.(系动词+表语)How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。三、宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：He is doing his homework.(名词)They did nothing this morning.(代词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(动名词)【注意】有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：I hope to see you again.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practice，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：Do you mind my opening the window?有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如：Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)即学即练挑出下列句子中的宾语My brotherdoesntdohis homework.A B C DPeoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish. A B C D You must paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. A B C D How many newwordsdoyoulearn? A B C D Some of thestudentsin the school wantto go swimming,howaboutyou? A B C D四.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。即学即练 找出下列句子中的定语TheyuseMr. Mrs. with thefamilyname. A B C DWhatisyourgivenname? A B C D On thethirdlapareClass 1 and Class 3. A B C D I amafraidsomepeopleforgotto sweepthe floor. A B C DThe mandownstairswastryingto sleep.A B C D五.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：Thank you very much.(副词)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：He is old enough to go to school.六.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)M y job is teaching English.(动名词)She is at home.(介词短语)I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)七.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：We elected him monitor.(名词)I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister. 6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Childrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early.挑出下列句中的表语 The old manisfeelingverytired. A B C D Why isheworriedaboutJim?