时间、地点、原因、关于、方法、价格、特性、进行等的介词(短语)用法要点1.表示时间的介词1at(1)at表示某一时刻，past表示“过几分”，to表示“差”几分；美式英语中可用after代替past，可用of代替to。例如：at seven oclock在7点钟at 5: 30 p.m.下午5点30分at nine minutes to/of four 4点差9分at eight minutes past/after two两点过8分at fifteen (minutes) to/of eleven 11点差15分It is a quarter to four by my watch.我的表是4点差一刻。five, ten, fifteen, twenty等整数后的minute可省。(2)表示进餐的时间。例如：at breakfast在吃早饭 at lunch在吃午饭at supper在吃晚饭 at dinner在吃(3)表示一天中的某个时间点，如子夜、破晓、日出、正午、日落等。例如：at midnight在午夜at daybreak在拂晓 atdawn在黎明at sunrise在日出时 at noon在正午 at sunset在日落时at nightfall在黄昏 at midday在中比较：at the middle of the month在月中(指15号前后)in the middle of the month在月中(指10号至20号)(4)由表示“某一点”时间，引申为表示“一就”这一瞬间概念。例如：at first sight一看见at the mention of一提到at a glance一看就 at the thoughtof一想到She went pale at the news.她一听到那个消息脸就白了。The baby cried at the sight of itsmother.婴儿一看见母亲就哭了起来。He felt proud at the thought of his sons achievement.他一想到儿子的成就便感到自豪。I fell in love with the cottage at firstsight.我一看见那个小屋就喜欢上了它。Hell tell if the diamonds are genuine at a glance.他一看便能认出这些钻石的真假。(5)表示“频率，顺序”。例如：at times有时 at intervals不时地at first起初 at the fourth attempt在第四次尝试时The phone rang at regular intervals allafternoon.整个下午每隔一定时间电话铃就响一次。(6)表示“正在做，处于中”，指状态。例如：at table在吃饭at cards在玩牌 at dinner在吃饭at leisure空闲 at school在上课at odds不和at the theater在看戏 at ones ease过得舒适 at pleasure随意at the telephone在打电话 at war在交战中 at the desk在读书、写作、办公at the height在高潮/正酣at fault不知所措Burt found himself at odds with hiscolleagues.伯特发现自己与同事们意见不合。(7)表示“样子，态度”。例如：at/in one sitting一口气at a bound一跃 at a stroke一举at a mouthful一口 at a blow一击之下I sat down and read the whole book at one sitting.我坐下来，一口气看完了这本书。2 inin表示较长的时间，一个较长过程(period of time)，如年、月、日、周、季节、上午、下午等。例如：in 2016在2016年in a year在一年中in two weeks在两周内 in (the)autumn在秋天in March在3月里 in the TangDynasty在唐朝in the morning在早晨 in the lateafternoon在傍晚in ones childhood在童年时代 in the raining season在雨季in the flower of youth在青年时代in (the) eighteenth century在18世纪比较：In the middle of March the flowers will be in bloom.花在3月中旬开放。At the middle of March the flowers will be in bloom.花在3月15日左右开放。(=around March 15th)【提示】人生时段的表示法：in the flower of youth在青春时期，in the springoflife在年轻时代，in the flush of life在青春时代，in the school days在学生时代，in ones youth在年轻时代，in the prime of life在壮年时代，in ones old age在晚年，in ones life/time在一生中，in all ones life在整个一生中。比较：In no time we got everything ready, didnt we?我们很快就把一切都准备好了，不是吗？At no time in his life has he been braver than in that case, hasnt he? 他一生从来没有像那一回那么勇敢，不是吗？She had her operation last May.她去年5月做的手术。She had her operation in May last.(英式英语)She had her operation May last. (美式英语)3 on(1)特定的某一天。例如：on Monday在星期一 on April 5在4月5日on New Years Day在元旦 onNew Years Eve在除夕on the tenth of May在5月10日on Christmas Eve在圣诞夜比较：The teacher will grade papers nextMonday.老师下周一评卷子。The teacher will grade paperson Monday next.(英式英语)The teacher will grade papers Mondaynext.(美式英语)(2)某一天的早晨、中午或晚上。例如：on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚on a quiet evening在一个宁静的晚上on the eve of the great war在大战前on the morning of July 6 (th)在7月6日上午on a dull afternoon of April在4月里一个沉闷的下午【提示】如果morning,afternoon，evening和night前面有early或late等修饰词，或者这些词前有表示具体钟点的名词，通常要用in。例如：Late in the afternoon of a chilly day in February, he was sitting in the room alone over his wine.2月里一个寒冷的日子，傍晚时分，他一人独坐在房间里饮酒。At about three oclock in the morning of the next day,he reached the town.次日早上6点钟左右，他到达了那座小城。(3)“on+动名词”结构中的on相当于as soon as， when，指前后紧接的时间关系，意为“刚一就，在之时”，通常只有reach, arrive,hear, see, slip，snatch这类非延续性动词才可用于此结构，延续性动词一般不可。on可用upon替代，“on+动名词”可为“on+名词(动作名词)”替代。当然，这种用法中的on也可省略，只用现在分词。例如：On hearing the bad news, she burst into tears.听到那个消息，她泪流满面。到达宾馆时，他受到了市长的迎接。On arriving at the hotel, he was greeted by the mayor.Arriving at the hotel, he was greeted by the mayor.On his arrival at the hotel, he was greeted by the mayor.4 ofof表示时间用“of+a/an+周日、早晨、下午、黄昏”结构，多指一种经常性的、反复发生的行为，即“一般，通常”，也可表示“在某个周日”等。of还构成of old(从前，往昔)，oflate (近来)，of late/recent years (近年来)，in days of old(从前)等表示时间的词组。例如：He usually takes a walk by the river of an evening.他通常在晚间到河边散散步。What do you do of a Sunday?你星期天通常做什么？(=on Sundays)I have not heard from her of recentyears.我近年来没收到她的信。She often recollects days of old.她时常回忆往昔的岁月。She often came of a Tuesday.她常在星期二来。He comes of an afternoon.他常在下午来。The days have been getting colder oflate.最近天气越来越冷了。The baby was born of a Friday.这婴儿是在星期五出生的。【提示】wide of和short of为固定搭配。例如：The shot went wide of the mark.枪远没有击中目标。(离远)He was ten miles short of the village.他离那个村庄有10英里远。(=distant from) ask of, beg of, inquire of, demand of,require of等中的of意为“向，从”。例如：He demanded too high a price of me.他向我要价太高。I have done everything that was required of me.一切要我做的我都做了。5during和in的差异(1)表示一段时间时，during和in有时可以换用。例如：She di