2013复旦考博冲刺ClozePassage 1When I was a very small boy I was made to learn (1) _ heart certain of the fables of La Fontaine, and the moral of each was carefully explained to me. Among those learned was The Ant and the Grasshopper, which is devised to bring (2) _to the young the useful lesson (3) _ in an imperfect world industry is rewarded and giddiness punished. In this admirable fable (I apologize for telling something which everyone is politely, but inexactly, supposed to know) the ant (4) _ a laborious summer gathering its winter store, while the grasshopper sits on a (5) _ of grass singing to the sun. Winter comes and the ant is comfortably provided (6) _, but the grasshopper has an empty larder: he goes to the ant and begs for a little food. Then the ant gives him her classic answer: “What were you doing in the summer time?”“Saving your presence, I sang, I sang all day, all night.”“You sang. Why, go and dance.”I do not ascribe it to perversity on (7) _ part, but rather to the inconsequence of childhood, which is deficient in moral sense, (8) _ I could never quite reconcile myself to the lesson. My sympathies were (9) _ the grasshopper and for some time I never saw an ant (10 ) _ putting my foot on it.Passage 2I once knew a dog named Newton who had a unique (1) _ of humor. Whenever I tossed out a Frisbee for him to chase, hed take in hot pursuit but then seem to lose track of (2) _. Moving back and (3) _ only a yard or two from the toy, Newton would look all around, even up into the trees. He seemed genuinely puzzled. Finally, Id give up and head into the field to help him (4) _. But (5) _ sooner would I get within 10 feet of him than he would run invariably straight over to the Frisbee, grab it and start running like mad, looking over his shoulder with what looked suspiciously like a grin.Just about every pet owner has a story like this and is eager to share it with anyone who will listen. On very short notice, TIME reporters came up (6) _ 25 stories about what each is convinced is the smartest pet in the world. Among them: the cat who closes the door behind him when he goes into the bathroom; the cat who uses a toilet (7) _ of a little box and flushes it afterward; the dog who goes wild when he sees his owner putting on blue jeans instead of a dress because jeans mean it is time to play; and the cat who used to wait patiently at the bus stop every day for a little girl, then walk her the six blocks home. And so on. These behaviors are certainly clever, but what do they mean? Was Newton really deceiving? Can a cat really desire privacy in the toilet? In short,（8）_ household pets really have mental and emotional life? Their owners think so, but until recently, animal behavior experts would have gone mad on hearing such a question. The worst sin in their moral vocabulary was anthropomorphism, projecting human traits onto animals. A dog or a cat might behave as if it (9) _ angry, lonely, sad, happy or confused, but that was only in the eye of the viewers. What was going on, they insisted, was that the dog or cat had been conditioned, through a perhaps unintentional series of (10) _ and rewards, to behave in a certain way. The behavior was a mechanical result of the training. Passage 3The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect (1) _ the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close (2) _, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary (3) _ any effort to portray a mind, a soulthe quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the (4) _ token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at (5) _ rate.There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal (6) _ the subject. Every position has strengths and (7) _: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate in (8) _ of the subject, and select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, not better than anyone (9) _. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we (10) _. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.Passage 4On a larger scale, voters often react favorably to a politician