高中英语语法 高考二轮复习省略句考点讲义【精讲版】涉及省略的几类典型陷阱知识点总结省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息而省略句中的一个或者几个句子成分并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。在语言应用中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。在英语考试中，也经常会采用微型语境的方法，使用省略手段来设计考试陷阱，增加考试的难度。在考试陷阱中，所涉及的省略情况一般有：词的省略、句子成分的省略、多个成分的同时省略等。一、承前省略陷阱所谓承前省略指的是当前后两句结构相同时，通常可将后一结构与前一结构相同的部分省略，从而使句子更简洁。一般说来，这种省略考生是可以根据上下文的语境作出正确理解的，但是，当这种省略与其他英语句型相似并很容易发生混淆时，就可能让张冠李戴，步入误区。如果命题者刚好抓住这一点来巧妙设题，就很可能构成有一定难度的陷阱题。如：1.What should I do with this passage?_the main idea of each paragraph.A. Finding outB. Found outC. Find outD. To find out分析：答案选C。很容易误选A或D，误认为这是考查非谓语动词。根据问句可知，完整的答语应是You should find out，此处是承前省略了You should，所以就是Find out。2.My friend Mary is_beautiful girl and_girl everyone likes to work with.A. a, aB. a, theC. the, aD. the, the分析：此题很容易误选B，认为第一次提到girl用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。但其实最佳答案是A。句中第二次提到girl时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整为My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with.请再看两道题(答案选A)：(1)Jim is_brave boy and_boy never fearing anything.A. a, aB. a, theC. the, aD. the, the(2)It is really_useful dictionary and_dictionary every one of us needs.A. a, aB. a, theC. the, aD. the, the3.“What made her struggle to become an artist so hard?” “_she was a woman.”A. /B. WhenC. ThatD. What分析：此题最佳答案选C。that用以引导主语从句(此that不可省略)，其后的谓语和宾语等被省略，若补充完整，即为That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard.下面两题答案选A，理由同上：(1)“What made her so happy?” “_her son passed driving test.”A. ThatB.不填C. SinceD. For(2)“What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_I was last night.”A. WhereB. WhenC. ThatD. What4.If the weather is fine, well go. If_,_.A. not, notB. no, noC. not, noD. no, not分析：此题应选A。If not, not.为If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go之省略。全句意为“如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去”。该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同,只是前句为肯定，后句为否定，为了简洁起见,于是将后句与前句相同部分省略，只保留否定词not。又如：If it is cheap, Ill buy it. If not, not.如果这东西便宜，我就买；如果不便宜，我就不买。If you study hard, youll succeed. If not, not.你若努力，你就会成功；你若不努力，你就不会成功。二、语境省略陷阱这里所说的语境省略指的是在一定的语境中，为了表达的简洁可省略有些不言而喻的信息。有时命题者巧妙地运用这一省略手段可编制出一些非常高明的语境省略陷阱题。如：1.Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has_IQ.A. a highB. a higherC. the higherD. the highest分析：此题答案为B。此句实为Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ than him之省略。省略than him后不仅句意仍然清楚，而且显得更为简洁。句意为“我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。请再看以下类似的题目(分析理由同上，答案均选A)：(1)How beautifully she sings! I have never heard_voice.A. a betterB. a bestC. the betterD. the best(2)“Ive never found_job.” “Congratulations.”A. a betterB. a bestC. the betterD. the best(3)“What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, wonderful. We couldnt have found_place.”A. a betterB. a bestC. the betterD. the best(4)How cold it is! Weve never had_day this winter.A. a colderB. a coldC. the coldest D. the colder2.Shes too thin. She_gain some weight but she_too little.A. would, ateB. will, eatsC. would, eatsD. will, ate分析：此题有些难度，许多同学不知如何分析。我们先根据题目所提供的选项将句意大致勾出来：她太瘦了。她会增加体重的，但她吃得太少了。根据句首Shes too thin这一所给信息可知，“她瘦”应是客观事实。按照一般的常识，“吃得少”就会引致“瘦”，“吃得多”就会导致“胖”，由于根据句首的信息，“她瘦”是客观事实，所以她“吃得少”也应是事实，所以第二空应填eats(即用一般现在时表示客观事实)。根据上面的分析：“她瘦”和“她吃得少”均为客观事实，那么“她体重会增加”就应是假设(注意句中的转折连词but)，所以第一空应填would。其实，此句可理解为but前省略了一个条件状语if she ate more (如果她多吃一点的话)。所以，此题最佳答案选C。三、结构省略陷阱1.Who has eaten all the cake, Jim? Oh,_must your two pet dogs.A. itB. theyC. thatD. which分析：许多学生可能认为此题应选B，因为其后的your two pet dogs为复数。但实际上，此题的最佳答案就是A，此句实为强调句型It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake的省略形式。2.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better_ityouve got some big bills coming.A. forgetB. forgotC. forgettingD. to forget分析：此题最佳答案为A。考查had better后接动词原形的用法。但是考题中将youhad better这一结构省略成better，致使许多同学一时看不出来。又如：Better go with him.最好同他一起去。Better have the operation right now.你最好还是现在就动手术。3.Why_skating there with us this afternoon?A. dont goB. not to goC. not goD. go not分析：许多学生会认为否定式须在go前加助动词及否定词或在不定式的小品词to前加否