高考英语语法复习专题-独立主格结构独立主格结构表达的意义1.表示伴随的动作或状态、方式或补充说明。2.说明时间或顺序3.表示原因。4.表示条件。独立主格的构成有类型1. 不定式to do表示动作没有发生或即将发生，且to do动作的执行者是句子的主语。动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。The manager looks worried，many things to settle.经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。2. 动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，与-ed的主语构成被动关系。He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。3. 动词-ing式往往表示动作正在进行，-ing的主语和动作构成主动关系.The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。The girl staring at him, he didnt know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。Time permitting, we will go for an outing tomorrow.如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。4. 另外还有两种固定形式：1) There being +名词（代词）如：There being nothing else to do, we went home.没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。2) It being +名词（代词）如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。比较下面句子找出这几个句子在句式结构上有何不同，找出错误的句子并说明原因。1.It was sunny that day and we went camping in the forest.(正确)2.It was sunny that day,we went camping in the forest.(错误)3.It was sunny that day,so we went camping in the forest.(正确)4.It being sunny that day,we went camping in the forest.(正确)句1是用连接词and连接的两个句子，句2错两个句子用，分开不正确，句3构成so引导的状语从句，句4是独立主格结构做状语。专项练习题一1.It _ heavily,the game had to be delayed.A. was snowing B.snowing C.snowed D.had snowed2._,the lecture began.A.The listeners having taken their seats B.Having taken their seatsC.Taking their seats D.The listeners to take their seats3._,Tom went out to play.A.There was nothing to do B.There had nothing to doC.As there had nothing to do D.There being nothing to do4._,the leaves are beginning _.A. Autumn comes.to fall B.Autumn coming. to fallC. As autumn coming . falling D.Autumn to came . falling5._,the patient can leave the hospital.A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions.6._,the patient can leave the hospital.A.If better conditions B.If conditions betterC.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions7._,wed like to go outing.A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK8._,wed like to go outing.A.If Sunday is Ok B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday Ok D.A B and C9._,you can wait a while.A.The play being still on B.The play still on C.Being still on the play D.A and B10._,so you can wait a while.A.The play is still on B.The play Being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still onKeys:1-5 BADBB 6-10 CBDDA专项练习题二1.The man rushed into the house,his face _ under his cap.A.hiding B.having hidden C.hidden D.to hide2._ no bus,we had to walk home.A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was3._ no bus,we had to walk home.A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was4._ Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been5._ Sunday,the library dosent open.A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is6._,the train started.A.The signal given B.Giving the signal C.The signal being given D.The signal giving7._,the train started.A.After having given the signal B.After the signal givenC.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given8._,the text became easier for us to lean.A.Explaining new words B.New words explainedC.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words9._,the text became easier for us to lean.A.When new words were explained B.Explaining new wordsC.New words explaining D.Being explained new words10.So many problems _,Im in a tight corner.A.settled B.remained to settle C.being settled D.remaining to be settled11.The speech _,a lively discussion started.A.being delivered B.was delivered C.be delivered D.having been delivered12.My money _,I have to do some part-time job _ my living.A.has run out . earning B.is running out . to earnC.has been run out . earning D.running out . to earn13._,we dont have to go home on foot.A.There comes a bus B.Coming a bus there C.There coming a bus D.Because the bus coming14.The meeting _ over,we all left the room.A.is B.to be C.being D.would be15.European football is played in 80 countries,it _ the most popular sport in t