第十一讲 Nelson Mandela - a modern hero（语法与阅读训练）适用学科高中英语适用年级高中一年级适用区域人教新课标版课时时长（分钟）90知识点1.关系副词引导的定语从句；2.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句；3.“only+状语”位于句首引起的倒装句；4.阅读七选五教学目标1.掌握定语从句的用法，特别是介词+关系代词引导的定语从句；2.理解并掌握“only+状语”位于句首引起的倒装句；3掌握阅读七选五的答题思路。教学重点1.掌握“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；2.学会解答阅读七选五。教学难点在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，准确选择合适的介词复习预习high quality _ sb. be devoted to (doing) sth._vote for/against _be equal to sth./doing sth._out of work _as a matter of fact _blow up_in trouble _turn to _lose heart _escape from_come to power _ reward sb. for sth/doing sth._set up_should have done _知识讲解知识点1 关系副词引导的定语从句例句体会The time was a very difficult period of my life.I first met Nelson Mandela at that time. -The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 自我探究在定语从句中，当表示时间、地点、原因的名词作先行词时，且先行词在定语从句中作状语，相当于介词短语的作用，应用关系副词_（相当于介词+which）归纳拓展关系代词和关系副词的区分： 关系代词在定语从句中做_,_，_，_ 关系副词在从句中做_.（相当于介词+which） Ex. 填关系代词还是关系副词，并总结规律方法。The library where/ in which students often study was on fire last night.The library which/ that you visited yesterday was built in 1990.The library, which was built in the 1930s, needs repairing.The time when/at which I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. The days which/that we spent together on the farm were unforgettable. The reason why/for which he was late for school was that his mother was ill. The reason which/that he explained to us at the meeting was true.答题思路：一找，二代，三看，四定知识点2 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。例句体会He was the black lawyer (whom/that) I went to for advice.He was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.-I cant find the pen with which I was writing .自我探究关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which(指物) 或 whom(指人)。归纳拓展I. 如何对介词进行选择：根据定语从句谓语动词，形容词的习惯搭配来决定。a. The man to whom you spoke was a scientist.b. He told me some reference books with which I am not very familiar.c. This is the girl from whom l learned the news.根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。a. The city in which she lives is far away. b. I remember the day on which I joined the League. c. I remember the days during which I lived here. d. The reason for which he was late was not reasonable.(合理的)注意：有些短语的介词不能拆开。如：look for, look after, take care of, look forward to, take care of等。 This is the key for which you are looking.(T) This is the key which/that you are looking for. （F）II. 特殊用法：1. some/none,/both/ all/ neither/ most/ each/half of whom/which数词/形容词最高级 +of +which/whoma. There are forty students in our class.Most of them are from big cities.-There are forty students in our class and most of them are from big cities.-There are forty students in our class, most of whom (=of whom most) are from big cities. b. He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is clever.c. He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. d. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which (=of which three) are about country life. e. Theyarrivedatthefarmhouse, infrontofwhichsat a boy. 2. 当point, position, stage, situation, condition, case,等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等，表示抽象的地点名词时，在从句中作状语时，用where（介词+which）。这种用法中的where相当于under which, from which 等，意为“在这种情况下，从中”等。Eg.1) Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2) We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.3) Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?注意：Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes, theres one point that we must insist on(坚持). 本句中学生很容易受到思维定势的影响而用关系副词where 引导定语从句，其实本句中定语从句中缺少的是宾语，故应该选用关系代词，因此选用that。3. the way 做先行词，意为“方式，方法”时在定语从句中做状语，关系词用in which，that或不填；Eg.1) I didnt like the way in which/that he treated his mother.（he treated his mother in the way）2)The way in which/that he teaches English is interesting. (he teaches English in the way)3) I didnt like the way which/that he explained to me. (he explained the way to me)知识点3 “only+状语”位于句首引起的倒装句例句体会only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。Only in this way can you solve the problem. 只有通过这种方式，你才能解决问题。Only if you study hard can you pass the exam. 只有努力学习，你才能通过考试。自我探究当“only状语/状语从句”置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语的前面。归纳拓展(1) Only 修饰的状语可以是副词、介词短语，也可以是状语从句。如果only修饰的是状语从句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。eg: Only when he is seriously ill will he stay in bed.他