2023年11月6日学位北京英语考试A卷真题Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs，but archaeologists (考古学家) learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that dont break down or disappear very quicklythings like human bones and objects made from stone and metal. It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history-normally, the bacteria (细菌) in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different. In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soupwalk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking outa human foot! Naturally, the men called the police，who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly-but it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organsthe scientists who examined him were able to look inside the mans stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal! Why was this man so well preserved? (76) It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe fi:om the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the mans skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes. How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called,“Lindow Man. (77) His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadnt done heavy manual work in his lifehe could have been a rich man. They found that he hadnt died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods. 1. Which language does the word “archaeologycome from? A. French. B. Greek. C. Roman. D. German. 2. The word “these in the first paragraph refers to_. A. letters B. photographs C. paintings D. objects 3. Which of the following helped to preserve“Lindow Man? A. Ice and Iow temperature. B. Bacteria and oxygen. C. Soil and energy. D. Acid and water. 4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. “LindowManwas named after the person who first found him. B. Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence. C. “Lindow Man was found by two archaeologists in the south of England. D. “LindowManwas good at manual work. 5. Which is the best title for the passage? A. What Is Archaeology? B. Archaeology and History C. An Amazing Archaeological Discovery D. The Death of“Lindow Man Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: The city has always been an engine of intellectual life, from the 18th-century cafes of London, where citizens gathered to discuss chemistry and politics, to the Left Bank bars of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modem art. Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare. And yet, city life isnt easy. Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing. Just being in an urban environment, they have found, impairs (损害) our basic mental processes. (78) After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control. While its long been recognized that city life is exhausting, this new research suggests that cities actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so. One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain. Studies have demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recover more quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that women living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn. Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they provide a mental break from the urban life. This research arrives just as humans cross an important milestone (里程碑). For the first time in history, the majority of peop