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状语从句常见考点透析与解读状语从句是每年高考单项填空部分必考的题目之一。考查的重点是考生容易混淆较近似的连词在逻辑行文和语篇结构中的使用。纵观近几年各省市高考题,从中可以看出命题者把着眼点放在了对条件状语、让步状语、时间状语和地点状语从句的考查,时而涉及目的状语从句、结果状语从句和原因状语从句。下面选取近几年各省市的高考试题归纳分析,使考生通过典型实例,把握高考对状语从句的命题规律,帮助同学们更好地解答此类题目。一、基本状语从句的考查常见的状语从句有:时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、原因状语从句、比较状语从句和方式状语从句,共八种。考查最多的是时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句。(一)条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if ,unless (=if not如果不,除非),as/so long as, when (=considering that既然,考虑到),while(=as long as只要),supposing that, provided that, in case(假使),on condition that (在的条件下)等等。【典型考例】(1)I wont call you, _ something unexpected happens. (2007全国卷1) A. unless B. whether C. because D. while解析:句意是“除非有想不到的事情发生,否则我不会给你打电话”。故选答案A。(2)_ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. (2007全国卷2) 解析;句意是“要是John没有伤到腿,他就在比赛中获胜了”。故选答案A。A. IfB. SinceC. ThoughD. When(3)You will be successful in the interview you have confidence. (2007福建卷)A. beforeB. onceC. untilD. though解析:句意是“一旦你有了信心,在面试时你就会成功”。故选答案B。(4)How can you expect to learn anything _ you never listen? (2006山东卷)A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when解析:in case万一,以防;even if即使;unless除非,如果不;when既然,考虑到。句意是“既然你从不听,那么你怎么能期望学到东西呢 ”。故选答案D。(二)时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的有:从属连词:when,as,while,before,after,since,till/until,as soon as,once,等。名词短语:next time, every time, the moment, the minute等等。考查重点:1、在语境中考查从属连词基本词义【典型考例】(5)Wheres that report? (2007北京卷) I brought it to you _you were in Mr. Blacks office yesterday.A. if B. when C. because D. before解析:句意是“当你昨天在Mr. Black办公室的时候我就把那报告给你了”。所给选项只有B项符合题意,故选B项。2、before的用法:before引导时间状语从句含义颇多,既可以表示“还未来得及就”,也可以表示“在之后才;“在之前就”等含义。【典型考例】(6)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? ( 2006四川卷) He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.A. before B. until C. when D. after解析:考例(6)句意是“你为什么没告诉他有关会议的事?我还没来得及说一句话他就冲出去了。”只有before符合句意,故正确答案为A项。3、until的用法:until用于肯定句意思是“到时候,在之前”。指某一动作或状态一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。主句谓语动词多为延续性动词或表示状态的动词。until用于否定句意思是“直到才。”表示直到此时才开始某个动作,谓语动词多为非延续性动词。(7) It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that lesson. (2007天津卷)A. until B. after C. since D. when 解析:句意是“在亲身经历之前,我们很难去体味生活中的教训。”所给选项只有until符合句意,故正确答案为选项A。在notuntil的句型结构中要对until部分进行强调时,要将not提前,与until一起置于被强调的部分。尽管强调的时间,但不可以用when。(8) It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. (2007浙江卷) A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that解析:该题考查的是对“notuntil”句型构成强调句型。故正确答案为选项D。4、几种特殊句型结构的区别:(1)It is/was + 时刻 + when从句“某事发生时是什么时候。”(2)It is/has been + 时间段 + since从句“自从以来有多长时间了。”(3)It will/would be + 时间段 + before 从句“还要过多长时间才”(4)It will/would not be + 时间段 + before 从句“过不了多长时间就会”(5)It was + 时间段 + before从句“过了多长时间才”(6)It was not + 时间段 + before从句“没过多长时间就”【典型考例】(9)The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again.(2007安徽卷) A. after B. before C. since D. when(10) Did Jack come back early last night? (2005福建) Yes. It was not yet eight o clock_ he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. until (11)It is almost five years we saw each other last time. (2005北京春)A. before B. since C. after D. when(12)It was some time _we realized the truth. (2005山东) A. when B. until C. since D. before解析:考例(9)句意是“这项调查研究将要花Joan和Paul大约5个月的时间。要们还要一段时间才能再次见到他们。”所以该题考查的是句型:It will/would be + 时间段 + before 从句“还要过多长时间才”。考例(10)句意是“Jack昨晚回来早吗?是的,他到家时还不到8点”。考查的是句型:It is/was + 时刻 + when从句。考例(11)考查的是句型:It is/has been + 时间段 + since从句;考例(12)考查的是句型:It was + 时间段 + before从句。故正确答案为BBBD。(三)让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有:though/although(尽管),even if/even though(即使),no matter how(what,when,which,who,where),however(whatever,whenever,whichever,whoever,wherever)(无论),as(尽管),while(虽然,尽管),in case(万一)等。【典型考例】(13) Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it to be valuable. (2007浙江卷) A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that 解析:as if 好像,引导方式状语从句;now that既然,引导原因状语从句;so that以便,引导目的或结果状语从句。句意是“即使很多人知道他的建议颇有价值,但他们仍对其建议置若罔闻”。故正确答案为选项C。(14) _ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. (2007山东卷)A. As B. Since C. If D. While 解析:as因为,引导原因状语从句,since既然,引导原因状语从句;if如果,引导条件状语从句;while当时候,引导时间状语从句,也可以表示“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。句意是“尽管我不喜欢艺术,但我还是发现他的作品很感人。”故正确答案为选项D。(15) _ tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. (2007上海春招)A .However the weather is like B. However is the weather likeC. Whatever is the weather like D. Whatever the weather is like解析:句意是“无论明天天气怎样,我们的船都将起航去澳门”。however后常紧跟形容词或副词,whatever“无论什么”,修饰名词,或直接在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。故正确答案为选项D。(1
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