初中英语知识点梳理及操练一. 冠词: 冠词用在名词的前面，有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a；an”之分。定冠词表示“确指”，译作“这(那)个”；不定冠词表示“泛指”，译作“一个”。例题解析:( ) _ lady over there is _ university teacher. A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the “over there”意为“那边的”，是后置定语，它表示前面名词“lady”（女士）是“确指”的说法，因此要加上定冠词“the”。后半句意为“一位大学教师”，是泛指的说法，因此要加上不定冠词“a”或“an”。由于“university”的读音起始于辅音“j”，因此要加定冠词“a”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) He prefers playing _ piano to playing _ hockey. A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the “piano”意为“钢琴”，属于乐器，要求前面加定冠词“the”。后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球”，属于球类活动，要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。( ) Mr. Black was made _ manager of our company. A) / B) a C) an D) the “manager”表示被选的职位，前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“A”。 此外，冠词还有许多特殊的用法： 1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前，要加定冠词，如：the Great Wall（长城） 2. 在拼音名词前，一般不加任何冠词，如：Thomas Green；Changfeng Park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前，即使是拼音名词，也要加定冠词“the”，如：the Dongting Lake 4. 一般用“单数名词加a；复数名词不加the”来表示“泛指”的意思。习题训练：Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. There is _ “u” in _ word “uniform.”. A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the( ) 2. _ sign here stands for _ mistake. A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the( ) 3. We made Joyce _ monitor _ her experience. A) a, because B) the, because C) / , because of D) the , because of( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote _ article on Shanghai International Art Festival. A) the B) an C) a D) / ( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _ teacher is from Australia. A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A( ) 6. Paul is _ European student. He likes to study _ history of China. A) a, the B) a, / C) an, the D) an, /( ) 7. This is _ honey. As we all know, _ honey is sweet. A) / , the B) / , / C) the, / D) the, the( ) 8. They didnt catch the last train because of _. A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic( ) 9. It wont take long, its only _ walk.A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes C) ten minutes D) ten-minutes二.名词: 名词表示人或物体的名称，有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter；Party)、集合名词(family, class, police)、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO)等。总体上说，它们可以分成两大类；即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化。例题解析:( ) His grandfather is _. A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green 英语中，人的姓名排列是倒过来的；先是名，即“first name”，后为姓，即“second name”，也可叫做“family name”或“surname”。做这类题目，必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字，哪个单词是表示姓氏，名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷”，是男名，所以本题答案应该选“B”。( ) _ are playing tennis in the playground. A) The Browns B) The Browns C) Browns D) Browns 英语中，姓氏前加定冠词“the”，后面加“s”，有“一家人”之意。所以本题答案应该选“A”。( ) Be careful. There is a _ hole in the ground. A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep D) two-feet deep 这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式，在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“”来连接。由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词，因此，在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中，“一个两英尺深的洞”应译为“a two-foot-deep hole”，所以本题答案应该选“A”。( ) Hes got bad toothache. Hed better go to _. A) dentist B) the dentist C) the dentists D) see the dentists “去看牙科医生”可译为“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentists”。后一个词语中的“the dentists”表示“the dentists clinic”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) The _ teachers wondered if the _ students were in trouble. A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys 英语中，“女教师们”应该译为“women teachers”，而“男学生们” 应该译为“boy students”。 所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) _ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores. A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words “据说”在英语中有多种说法：“It was said that”、“Word came that”、“News came that”、“A message came that”等。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _. A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own“catch ones eye”是固定词组，意为“引起某人注意”；即“be noticed by sb.”。此句中，“eye”是“视线”之意，由“eyesight”演变而来。随着语言的发展，一些词语会产生演变，大致上都是朝“简单化”方向发展，如：“countryside”“country”、“mankind”“man”、 “campsite”“camp”、“in the daytime”“in the day”等。所以本题答案应该选“A”。( ) The lady with long _ found her husband had already got three gray _. A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair 要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质，要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair”（头发）就是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发”，是不可数名词；后半句说的是“三根白发”，是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。习题训练：Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. He has got _ to tell you. A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news( ) 2. Its seven oclock. _ are sitting at table. A) Mr. Greens B) The Greens C) The Greens D) Greens( ) 3. Your brother is the same _ mine. A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us _. A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste( ) 5. A lemon is the same _ as a banana. A) yellow B) colour C) fresh D) sweet( ) 6. What kind o