Scientists funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, have established an inheritable bacterial infection in malaria-transmitting Anopheles mosquitoes that renders them immune to malaria parasites. Specifically, the scientists infected the mosquitoes with Wolbachia, a bacterium common among insects that previously has been shown to prevent malaria-inducing Plasmodium parasites from developing in Anopheles mosquitoes. Before now, researchers had been unable to create mosquitoes with a stable Wolbachia infection that passed consistently from mother to offspring. In this study, led by Zhiyong Xi, Ph.D., at Michigan State University, the researchers focused on Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, the primary malaria carrier in the Middle East and South Asia. The scientists injected Wolbachia into male and female embryos of A. stephensi and, once they matured, mated the adult females with uninfected male mosquitoes. A stable Wolbachia infection was maintained for 34 generations of mosquitoes, at which time the study ended. The researchers also introduced Wolbachia infection into uninfected adult mosquitoes in a series of experiments in which infected female mosquitoes comprised 5 percent, 10 percent or 20 percent of the mosquito population. In all three experiments, 100 percent of the mosquitoes were infected within eight generations, supporting the potential of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes as a malaria control strategy. Similar approaches have been used successfully to controldengue（登革热）, another mosquito-borne disease, in certain settings.In their examination of how Wolbachia affects Plasmodium parasites, the researchers found that the bacterium kills the parasites both in the mosquito midgut, where the parasites mature, and in the salivary glands, from which the parasites are transmitted to humans via mosquito bites. The scientists hypothesize that Wolbachia infection causes the formation of unstable compounds known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which inhibit the development of the parasites. Future studies might examine whether Plasmodium can become resistant to ROS and explore ways to integrate Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes with existing malaria control strategies, the researchers write.由美国国家过敏和传染病研究所（NIAID），美国国立卫生研究院的一部分，资助的科学家们已经建立了一个可继承细菌感染，传播疟疾的按蚊，令他们免受疟疾寄生虫。具体来说，科学家感染沃尔巴克氏体，细菌常见的昆虫，以前已经证明，以防止诱发疟疾疟原虫的按蚊来自发展中国家的蚊子。在此之前，研究人员一直无法建立稳定的沃尔巴克氏体感染，一致通过由母亲传染给后代的蚊子。致用兮，博士，美国密歇根州立大学的带领下，在这项研究中，研究人员集中在按蚊的蚊子，疟疾的主要载体在中东和南亚。科学家注入A.按蚊成男性和女性胚胎Wolbachia的，他们一旦成熟，交配的雄蚊与未感染的成年女性。维持一个稳定的沃尔巴克氏体感染的34代蚊子，而在此时，研究结束。研究人员还介绍了一系列实验，其中包括受感染的雌蚊的蚊子人口的5，10或20到未受感染的成蚊沃尔巴克氏体感染。在所有这三个实验中，100的蚊子感染在八代，支持疟疾控制策略蚊子感染沃尔巴克氏体的潜力。类似的方法已被成功地用于控制登革热（登革热），另一种由蚊子传播的疾病，在某些设置。沃尔巴克氏体是如何影响疟原虫在他们的检查，研究人员发现，这种细菌在蚊子的中肠寄生虫成熟，并在唾液腺，从中寄生虫通过蚊子叮咬传播给人类，杀死寄生虫。科学家们推测，Wolbachia感染导致形成不稳定的化合物，被称为活性氧（ROS），抑制寄生虫的发展。未来的研究可能会检查是否可以成为抵抗疟原虫对ROS和探索如何把沃尔巴克氏体感染的蚊子现有的疟疾控制策略，研究人员写道。“成千上万人疯狂下载。更多价值连城的绝密英语学习资料，洛基内部秘密英语，技巧，策略请在 网上 申请报名”