IGCSE 商管专业词汇Section one business activities and external environmentchain of production 生产链primary sector 初级部门secondary sector 次级部门tertiary sector 服务部门Conglomerate merger 多样化兼并diseconomies of scal e 规模不经济Economies of scale 规模经济external growth 外部性增长Horizontal merger 横向兼并vertical merger 纵向兼并Internal growth 内部性增长lateral merger 双边兼并Takeover 吞并Centralized economy 计划经济economic system 经济体制Market economy 市场经济mixed economy 混合经济Monopolistic competition垄断竞争 monopoly 垄断Oligopoly 寡头垄断perfect competition 完全竞争Assisted areas 受助区域Authority 当局mission statement 使命陈诉objectives 目标shareholders 股东stakeholders 利益相关者direct tax 直接税fiscal policies 财政政策gross domestic product 国民生产总值indirect taxes 间接税inflation 通货膨胀monetary policies 货币政策money supply 货币供给public expenditure 公共支出domestic market 国内市场exchange controls 外汇控制exchange rate 汇率international markets 国际市场international trade 国际贸易non-tariff barriers 非关税壁垒quotas 定额subsidies 补助trade barriers 贸易壁垒Import control 进口控制Enterprise zones 创业园区Visible trade 实物贸易Section two business organization，structure and controlDeed of partnership 合作条文incorporated business 公司化经营Limited liability 有限责任Running costs 营运成本start-up costs 初始成本capital 资本sole proprietor 独资unincorporated business 非公司化经unlimited liability 无限责任creditors 债权人go public 上市private limited company 私营有限责任公司public limited company 上市有限责任司stock market 证券市场Assets 资本Economic growth 经济增长finance 融资Gearing 杠杆loan 贷款overdraft 透支cooperative 合作franchise 加盟joint venture 合资企业home country 本部国家host country 宿主国家multinational company 跨国公司券市 场IGCSE 经济中英词汇The Basic Economic ProblemCapital: 资本Consumption: 消费Consumer Goods: 生活消费品Demerit Goods: 有害品Economic Rent: 经济地租Economy: 经济Enterprise: 企业；企业家才能Exchange:交易Factors of Production: 生产要素Fixed Capital: 固定资本Free Goods: 自然资源充足的商品Goods: 产品Labour:劳动力Merit Goods: 有益品Needs:需求opportunity Cost: 机会成本Production Possibility Curve: 生产可能性曲线Public Goods: 公共商品Resources: 资源Scarcity: 稀缺Services: 服务Transfer Earnings:转移收入Wants: 欲望Working Capital: 营运资本Markets: 市场Land: 土地Allocation of ResourcesComplementary goods:互补品Contraction in demand:紧缩需求Contraction in supply：紧缩供给Cross elasticity of demand: 需求的交叉弹性Demand:需求Diminishing Marginal utility: 边际效用递减Effective Demand: 有效需求Elasticity: 弹性Equilibrium: 平衡Excess Demand: 超额需求Excess Supply: 超额供给Extension in demand:扩张需求Extension in supply: 扩张供给Social benefits:社会收益External costs: 外部成本External benefits:外部收益Individual Demand: 个人需求Inferior goods: 低档品Marginal Utility:边际效用Market Demand: 市场需求Price elastic demand: 价格弹性的需求Price inelastic demand:价格非弹性的需求Price elastic supply:价格弹性的供给Price inelastic supply:价格非弹性的供给Private costs:私人成本Private benefits: 私人收益Social costs: 社会成本Unitary elasticity:单位弹性Substitute goods: 替代品Supply:供给Utility: 效用The Individual as a Producer, Consumer and BorrowerBarter: 物物交易Cash: 现金Central bank: 中央银行Checking account:支票户头Commercial bank: 商业银行Credit card: 信用卡Current account: 经常账户Debit card: 借记卡Disposable income: 可支配收入Liquidity: 流动性Money: 货币Money supply: 货币供给Piece rate:计件工资率Salary: 工资Specialisation:专门化Stock exchange: 股票交易Trades union: 工会Wage: 工资Wealth: 财富The Private FirmAverage cost:平均成本Average fixed costs: 平均固定成本Average revenue: 平均收入Average variable costs: 平均可变成本Break-even Point: 盈亏平衡点Cartel:卡特尔；企业联合Co-operative:合作Costs: 成本Diseconomies of scale: 规模不经济Diminishing returns to labour:劳动报酬递减Division of labour: 分工Economies of scale: 规模经济Factory: 工厂Sole-trader: 个体经营Super-normal Profit: 超额利润Firm:公司Fixed costs:.固定成本Horizontal integration: 横向结合Increasing returns to labour:劳动报酬递增Industry:产业Marginal cost:边际成本Marginal Product/productivity:边际生产率Marginal revenue: 边际收益Monopoly: 垄断竞争Multinational Company (MNC):Normal Profit: 正常利润Oligopoly: 寡头垄断Partnership: 合伙经营Primary Industry: 第一产业Private Limited Company (Ltd): 有限责任公司Tertiary Industry:第三产业Total costs:总成本Total Revenue: 总收入Transnational Company (TNC):跨国公司Variable costs:可变成本Vertical Integration: 纵向结合Productivity: 生产率Profit: 利润Public Limited Company (plc):股份有限公司Revenue:收入Secondary Industry: 第二产业