牛津8A期末语法复习与练习（一）动词不定式作宾语及宾语补足语不定式通常是由不定式符号to+ 动词原形构成。不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种情况：一是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，二是“动词+疑问词 +带to的不定式”。 “动词+带to的不定式”结构：常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford, agree, believe, decide, fail, hope, want, plan, choose, prepare, forget, remember, begin/start, learn, promise,refuse, wish等。如： I cant afford to buy a house. “动词+疑问代（副）词+不定式”结构：常见的这类动词有advise, decide, forget, know, learn, remember, see, tell, think, teach, wonder, understand, guess, explain等。这类疑问代（副）词what, when, which, where, how, whether等（不包含why）。如： She does not know how to go there. He will tell you when to start. 在不定式作宾语时，有时我们会使用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面。如： They consider it unnecessary to have classes in the evening不带to 的不定式 1. 表示感觉的动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, observe和have, let, make后的宾语可接不带to的不定式。 He noticed the man enter the room. 他注意到有人进屋了。 They made her do the work alone. 他们让她单独做这个工作。2. help后的不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 Can you help me （to） clean up after the meal? 作宾语补足语表示“命令、忠告”等的动词,如:tell, ask, want, wish, allow，advise,invite,order, remind, warn, encourage等后面常接不定式作宾补;感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等和使役动词make, let, have等后接不定式作宾补时须省去to。 （二）反身代词反身代词的构成：第一、第二人称的反身代词由形容词的物主代词加上self，selves构成。如：myself我自己，ourselves我们自己，yourself你自己，yourselves你们自己。第三人称的反身代词是由宾格加上self，selves构成。如：himself他自己，herself她自己，itself它自己，以及themselves他们/她们/它们自己。值得注意的是，凡是单数人称代词的反身代词在后加self，而复数人称的反身代词在后加selves。反身代词的用法： 1）反身代词不能作主语，但是它可以作主语同位语，放在主语后或句末。如：我亲自去了电影院。误：Myself went to the cinema.正：I went to the cinema myself. 2）反身代词可以作宾语的同位语。如：I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play this music.我希望我能听贝多芬他亲自弹这首曲子。You can go and ask him himself.你可以去问他本人。3）反身代词可以作介词的宾语。如：Nobody, she learnt it all by herself.没人，她自学的。I mended the bike by myself.我独自修的自行车。She said to herself: “Whats wrong with my eyes?”她自言自语地说，“我的眼睛怎么啦？”Dont always think of yourself.别总是想着你自己。4）反身代词作动词的宾语。一般放在像这样的动词的后面：enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash, look after, get dressed, buy等。如：Did you enjoy yourselves at the weekend? 你们周末玩得开心吗？He teaches himself English at home.他在家自学英语。“Help yourselves to some fish .children。”“ 孩子们，随便吃一些鱼 。” He can buy himself a lot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西。5）反身代词可以作表语。如：Im not quite myself today.我今天情绪不好。He doesnt seem himself this morning.今天上午他似乎不舒服。（三）方式副词很多方式副词是在形容词的后面加ly构成的，如：slow- slowly wonderful- wonderfully 有些副词与形容词同形， 如：fast, early, late, high,hard, straight等方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾词之后，如宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词与宾语之间。例如： He works hard. He speaks English very well Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends注意：有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以 ly结尾，但它们的含义是不同的例如： l）close接近地 closely仔细地，密切地 2）free免费地 freely自由地，无拘束地 3）hard努力地 hardly几乎不 4）late晚，迟 lately近来 5）most极，非常 mostly主要地 6）wide广阔地，充分地 widely广泛地 7）high高 highly高度地，非常地 8）deep深，迟 deeply抽象意义的“深” 9）loud大声地 loudly大声地（含有喧闹的意思)10）near邻近 nearly几乎典型例题1. Youd better _home now. A. going B. go to C. to go D. go2. Will you help me _ these pictures? A. put on B. to put up C. putting up D. put into3. On the way home we _some water,because we were thirsty. A. stopped and drink B. stopped drinkingC. stopped to drink D. stopped for drinking4. Why _the teacher?A. ask not B. not ask C. not asking D. not to ask5. I havent got a chair _. A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to sit on D. for sitting6. Im hungry,get me sth. _. A. to eat B. eat C. eating D. for eating7. I havent decided which hotel_. A. to stay B. is to stay in C. to stay in D. is for staying8. The boss made workers _14 hours a day. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working9. We shall have _ after school. A. sth. to do B. everything do C. anything to do D. nothing do10. The teacher let the boy_ it again. A. does B. did C. to do D. do11. The young man is old enough _ the army. A. to join in B. joined C. join D. to join12. Granny told her _ the cat any more. A. not play with B. to not play withC. not to play with D. dont play with13. He really doesnt know_ . A. to talk about B. to talk about what C. what to talk D. what to talk about14. Jack decided_in Beijing before May Day. A. to reach B. to get C. to arrive D. go15. It took me an hour _the homework yesterday evening. A. to do B. did C. doing D. do16. Im glad _ you again. A. to look at B. to see C. looking D. seeing17. Mary asked me _for her. A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited 18. “_,”said the great musician. A. Let me to hear you to play B. Let me hear you to play C. Let me hear you play D. Let me to hear you play19. Mother is sure _. A. win B. to win C. to be winning D. won20. Mike is waiting _the doctor. A. to see B. for to see C. see D. for see21. Who taught you _ a bus. A. driving B. to drive C. riding D. to ride22.