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2022年考研英语完型填空解题指导一、从上下文查找信息词完型填空所选的文章都是具有规律关系、意义相联的语篇,而词语的重复消失、同义词和反义词的使用是重要的连句成篇的词汇纽带,因此,在行文中不行避开地会消失词语的复现、前后同义词、反义词相互照顾等现象。以1995年考题为例:The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more _43_. The new experiments, such as those described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations _45_ of non-REM sleep. (95)43. A.subtle B.obvious C.mysterious D.doubtful45. A.in the light B.by virtue C.with the exception D.for the purpose分析:只要细心查找即可发觉,文章开头说的“the purpose of non-REM sleep”和结尾的“of non-REM sleep.”遥相照应。所以45填D.而在后文的fascinating就指示43应填与其同义的词,故43题选C,由于两者都表示“神奇的、为之着迷”的意思。二、从惯用搭配角度考虑留意固定的搭配,包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等,同时要依据内容选择正确的短语。例如:Here”s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money.A.for B.by C.to D.of分析:表示“自取,任凭拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself to故答案为C.三、从语法角度考虑语法局部的测试是英语学问运用的主要内容之一。语法包括词法和句法,词法讨论词形的变化,如名词的数、格,动词的时态、语态等。句法讨论句子构造,如句子的成份,语序以及句子的种类等。做完型题时,应首先以句子为单位,运用所学的语法学问作出分析和推断。例如:They do not provide energy, _ do they construct or build any part of the body.A.either B.so C.nor D.never分析:此题考察有关倒装的语法学问,neither/nor否认词+助动词,表示:也不四、从词汇意义及用法考虑做完型填空题时,要留意词义辩析的积存,包括区分同义词、近义词、反义词、形近异义词、同形异义词。例如:Successful safety programs may _45_greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program.A.alter B.differ C.shift D.distinguish五、从段落或句子之间的规律关系考虑做完型填空,需要把握各段落、句子之间的规律关系,这样才能加深对文章的全面理解,因此,应熟记表达各种不同规律关系的连词,这些规律关系词主要包括:表示列举的连词:first,second,third;firstly,secondly,thirdly;first,next,then;in the first place,in the second place;for one thing,for another thing;to begin with,to conclude表示缘由的连词:because,since,as,now that表示结果的连词:so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,as a result表示让步和转折的连词:however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,in spite of,at any rate,in any case,whoever,whatever表示对比的连词:on the contrary,in contrast,by contrast,in comparison,by comparison,conversely表示补充的连词:also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,in addition,what”s more,too,either,neither,notbut,not onlybut also表示时间挨次的连词:when,while,as,after,before,since,until,as soon as,once表示目的的连词:that,so that,in order that,lest,for fear that表示条件的连词:if,suppose (that),supposing (that),unless,in case,so (as) long as,so far as,on condition (that),provided (that),providing (that)例如:Getting enough vitamins is essential to life,although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people _ believe in being on the “safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins. (96)A.nevertheless B.therefore C.moreover D.meanwhile六、从规律推理及常识等角度考虑解答完型填空题时,有时文章中供应的信息还不够,还需要考生把符合常识的一些学问信息结合起来考虑,最终选出符合常识的答案。因此,考生的学问范围越广,对文章的理解就越简单,整体上知道所选短文在说什么,那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。例如:(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.A.animal B.biggest C.plant D.nearest分析: 在这样的紧急状况下,人们的第一个反响是到最近的医院就医,因此答案为D.七、排解法假如不能很有把握地直接看出某一道题的答案,可以把排解法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用,从而缩小选择的范围,提高答题精确率。例如:Specialists in history and economic, have _ two thingsA.manifested B.approved C.show D.speculated分析:这段中提到的历史及经济学家们要提出事实来支持自己的观点。Manifest指说明,显示,主语是某事或某物,例:the photograph manifested the truth of what she said.approve指批准,赞同; speculate指思考,推想,不及物动词,与on连用。从词义和搭配上看,以上三个词都不符合,所以排解。
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