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广西师范学院 英汉互译(二)课程教案编号: 14-6 开课单位:外语系 授课教研室:翻译写作课程名称:英汉互译(二) 授课教师: 唐旭光教 材:汉英翻译教程, 授课对象:05级英语专业1、2、3班授课时间: 授课时数: 2 课时授课课题第十一章主动与被动第十二章比较句式授课形式讲练课教学目的与要求掌握英汉翻译中的主动与被动的转换,以及比较句式的翻译教学重点英汉翻译中的主动与被动的转换教学难点比较句式的翻译教学方法与手段理论讲解与翻译操练相结合教学内容及过程设计1 知识点介绍汉英语言的被动语态比较,英译汉语主动句,英译汉语被动句,确定语态时应注意之处,等比句式,差比句式,极比句式,例比句式,择比句式。2. 翻译操练与讲评作 业教材第101页与第107页课后小结参考资料英汉互译(二)第6讲第一步: 上周练习讲评:第二步: 本周课堂内容呈现第十一章主动与被动一、汉英语言的被动语态比较汉英两种语言的被动语态使用比较汉语的被动句作为一种特殊句型,较少使用, 它的使用同陈述的对象和语境有密切的关系。 受事作为陈述的对象,宜用被动句。而英语的被动句常用于以下场合:(1)句子的重心是事件本身而非施动者(2)施动者不明或不提及施动者(3)为了强调施动者,用带by词组的被动句(4)受上下文和语境的支配2. 汉英两种语言被动语态的表达方式比较(1)汉语被动语态的两种表达方式:(汉语使用被动句,原因: 强调受事,施事不需说,不愿说,无从说; 在特定的上下文中,为了使前后分句的主语保持一致,为了使叙述的重点突出, 达到语意连贯,语气流畅。)有形式标志的被动语态:被、受、把、挨 等等。没有形式标志的被动语态(2)英语被动语态的两种表达方式:Be型被动态Get型被动态二、英译汉语主动句(汉语主动句的谓动词事没有限制的;而被动句的谓语动词则是有限制的,全句一般表示不怎么情愿的意思。)1. 汉语主动句译成英语主动句2.汉语主动句译成英语被动句的情形(1)保留原文主语,强调被动者(2)突出原文宾语,将宾语置于主语的位置,动词用被动语态(3) 无具体施动者的汉语无主句译成英语被动句动宾结构的无主句译成英语被动句一些表示要求、规定的无主句译成英语被动句表示事物存在的无主句译成英语被动句(4)汉语中概括、泛指性的词(“有人”“人们”“人人”“大家”“我们”)充当主语时,可译成宾语换作主语的被动句或“it”为形式主语的被动句(5)使语气委婉,措辞礼貌(6)某些汉语句子可借助于英语的一些固定搭配或词组来表达三、英译汉语被动句1. 汉语被动句译为英语主动句(1)为了符合英语的表达习惯(2)受上下文和语境的支配2. 汉语被动句译成英语被动句四、确定语态时应注意之处1. 一些汉语形式上是主动句,但含义上是被动的句子,宜译成英语被动语态;2. 一些汉语形式上是主动句,但含义上是被动的句子,可以利用英语的某些不及物动词或特殊用法的动词,也译成英语形式上是主动,但含义上是被动的句子;(1)deserve, require,want,need等,这些带有被动含义的动词。(2)英语一些动词和表示行为方式的状语连用,表示被动意义(3)英语一些动词,如blow,cook, drive, expand, fill, shape, show, widen,等的进行时态表示被动意义 第十二章比较句式说明: 1. 汉语的比较句靠词汇手段,英语的比较句不仅靠词汇手段,还需要词缀手段;2. 汉语比较句式变化形式少,不明显, 英语比较句变化形式多,语法特征明显;3. 汉语多用极比句式,而英语不太爱用绝对的肯定或否定,爱用相对比较。一、等比句式(comparison of equality)1. 水面像空气一般平静,像绸缎般华丽。The water was smooth as air, gaudy as silk.2. 这跟我事先希望的一样成功。It was as much of a success as I had hoped.二、差比句式(comparison of difference)1. 他需要的钱很多,连他在铁路上干活所挣的钱也不够。He needed more money than he was earning at his railroad job.2. 他比我年长十岁。He is ten years senior to me.三、极比句式(comparison of extremity)1 他是探险者中走得最远的人。He went furthest of the explorers.2. 这事在我们最难预料的时候发生了。It happened just when we least expected.四、例比句式(comparison of proportion)1. 动身越早,回来越早。The earlier you start, the sooner youll be back.2. 他越是为自己辩护,大家就越不相信他。He was believed less as his defense grew more complicated.五、择比句式(comparison of preference)1. 她与其说是受了伤,还不如说是吓坏了。She was less hurt than frightened.最叫我痛心的,倒不是这件事本身,而是他们说谎。What hurt me worst about it was not so much as their lying. 第三步: 本周课堂翻译练习一、翻译下列句子1 这事儿说起来容易做起来难.Its easier said than done.2 我们是昨天在会所里开了一个会议.It was yesterday that we held a meeting in the club.3 英语晚会已延期到星期六举行.The English Evening has been put off till Saturday.4 中国在四千年前发明了指南针.The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.5总是在失去友谊时才感到真正友谊的可贵.The value of true friendship is seldom known until it is lost.6 据说不少人妒忌汤姆的才识It is said that Toms wisdom is the envy of a lot of people.7 一般认为这样做时不妥的.It is generally considered not have discovered this phenomenon.8 很难说他们已经发现这一现象了.They can hardly be said to have discovered this phenomenon.9 人人都知道世界时由物质构成的.It is universally known that the world is made of matter.10 他一生致力于做学问.His entire life was devoted to learning,11 考完试,我觉得很轻松.The examination being over, I feel greatly relieved.12 在举行个别交谈之前,我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录.Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed.13 马路两旁是整齐的梧桐树.The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane trees14 组建了一个专门委员会来领导这次运动.A special committee has been formed to direct the campaign.15 在这些文件中,没有发现任何缺陷.No defects have been found in these documents.二、翻译下列带有比较句子1. 今天老师高于学生,明天学生可以高于老师,这就是辩证法。It is a law of dialectics that a teacher may be superior to his pupils today, while the latter may be superior to the former tomorrow.2.我们都知道,储存在计算机里的信息跟计算机同样重要。As we all know ,a computer is not better than the information stored in it.3.他宁可放弃休假,也要把工作做完。He would rather give up his holidays than not finish his work.4.人们在家里看电视,如同去电影院看电影。One may as well watch TV at home as go to cinema.5.宁为玉碎,不为瓦全。It is better to be clothed in rages than clothed with shame.6.肥料对于植物,犹如事物对于人。Fertilizers are to the plant what food is to men.7.那时候的学生里面,有几位年龄比我还大Some of the students were older than I then.8.海洋分割了世界,但更连接了世界。The oceans do not as much divide the world as unite it.9.一个人懂得越多,越是发现自己的不足。The more one knows the more he discovers his ignorance.10.眼下最重要的事情莫过于给白宫传递谈判的信号。Nothing is more important right now than the signal to the White House for a negotiation.11.一个人年龄越大,到过的地方越多,他的经历就会越丰富。The older one gets and the more widely traveled he is , the more experienced he would be.12.这种测量方法既实用又简单。The method of measurement is as simple as practical13任何国家的文明,外来的影响总是远远多于本国的发明。The civilization of any country is much more the product of external influe
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