初三语法要点之现在完成时现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别：1.概念上的区别：一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。只陈述事实，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。现在完成时：完成用法：表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果； Have you seen the film? 你看过这部电影吗？强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；未完成用法：过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. 他在北京住了8年。讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。例He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只是简单表明在过去某个时间in 1998 去过桂林这一事实，除此以外别无其他)The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去。）Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（造成的结果是，Jill现在有了一台新 电脑）The plane has already arrived. 飞机已经抵达了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。） 2. 结构上的区别现在完成时：基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed） 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语. He has finished it. / They have worked it out.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语. He hasnt finished it. / They have worked it out.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语.Has he finished it? Yes, he has; No he hasntHave they have worked it out? Yes, I have; No I havent 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+have/has+主语+过去分词（v-ed）+其他）Where have they been? They have been to Yunnan.一般过去式： 肯定句：主语动词的过去式He did it. We hoped to go there. 主语did not 动词原形He didnt do it. They werent there yesterday. Did主语动词的原形Did he do it? Yes, he did. No, he didnt3.句子中所用时间词语的区别 一般过去时：通常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：例：He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother didnt work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer? My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I was a student, I often listened to music.Three months ago, they were still students.现在完成时：完成用法：这一用法常和表示不确定的过去时间状语连用；其中already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中）He has already obtained（获得） a scholarship.他已经获得了奖学金。注意这些词的位置和用法非常重要！He has just had his meal他刚吃过饭。Have you ever been to Beijing？你曾经去过北京吗？I havent seen much of him recently (lately).我最近没太看到他。We have seen that film before. 我们之前看过那部电影。Have they found the missing child yet？他们已经找到了那个丢失的孩子了吗？未完成用法：这一用法常和一段时间连用： since+时间点, for+时间段等表示一段时间的状语连用。例：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市里已经生活了 40 多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从 1958 年起就住在这个城市里。Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ 3 / 3