初中英语语法八大时态一一般现在时1. 结构肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句式: 主语+（助动词） dont/doesnt +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: dont = do not doesnt = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2.用法1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight.5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如： Ill tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二一般过去时态1. 结构肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didnt +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not 基本结构否定句一般疑问句Be动词was/were+notwas/were提前，放于句首行为动词didnt+do(动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）2.用法 1） 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等连用例如：Where did you go just now? After a few years, she started to play the piano.2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。3）一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间状语连用，但这些时间状语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？三一般将来时1. 结构结构1：肯定句式：主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他否定句式：主语+助动词will+动词原形+not+其他一般疑问句式：助动词Will+主语+动词原形+其他简单回答：在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为ll，wii not常简缩为wont。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I和we）时，常用助动词shall。例如：Shell go to play basketball. Shall we go to the zoo? 结构2：肯定句式：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他否定句式：主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他简略回答：（肯）Yes,主语+be （否）No,主语+be not 2.用法1）表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, in a few minutes, by, the day after tomorrow等连用。 例如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2）、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用于be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。例如：I think shell go back home for supper. Maybe shell go to the gym.将来时其他表示法1）be going to表示将来表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或根据迹象判断必然或很可能发生的事情。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? The play is going to be produced next month。注意：be going to 和will之间的区别。l 在时间上：be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will不指明任何具体时间，可以指遥远的未来。He is going to be better. He will be better. l 计划/临时：两者都表示意图时，be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思；will则指未经过预先思考或计划，是临时的一种决定。 What are you going to do next Sunday? Im going to go fishing. Where is the telephone book? Ill go and get it for you. l 两者都用于预测时，be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测；will则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。l 在条件状语从句中，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 2）“be to+动词原形”表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.3）be about to +动词原形，意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用，多于when引导的时间状语连用。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 四现在进行时1. 结构：am/is/are+动词的现在分词2. 用法：1）表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等时间状语连用。注：如果句首有警示性动词look、listen等，主句的动词也与现在进行时连用。例如：We are waiting for you now. Listen! The bird is singing in the tree.2）.表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。3）.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind. 4）.表示尚未完成的渐变过程，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 5）、表示移位的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其现在进行时可表将来。例如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。注：不能用进行时态的动词类别举例感官类See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel感觉类Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer认知类Believe,think,understand,forget,remember存在类Appear,exist,lie,remain占有、从属类Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of短暂动作类Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish五现在完成时1. 结构：肯定句：主语+助动词have（has）+动词过去