一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1interval n间隔；间歇2mineral n. 矿物3swap vi. 交换4supreme adj. (程度)最大的，极度的5doubtful adj. 怀疑的，不肯定的6privileged adj. 荣幸的7ample adj. 充足的，充裕的8scan n. 扫描9storage n. 储存10pause n. 停顿；暂停11statistics n. 统计资料；统计数字12symptom n. 症状13parallel n. 极相似之处；平行线14temporary adj. 临时的；短暂的15teamwork n. 协作；配合16firm n. 商行，公司.核心词汇写其形1seek vt. 寻找2compulsory adj. 强制性的，义务的3controversial adj. 有争议的4treat vt. 款待5postpone vt. 推迟，延期6unite vt. 联合；团结；统一7routine n. 常规；惯例8foresee vt. 预见9underline vt. 表明重要性；强调10faith n. 信心11decline vi. 下降12deadline n. 截止日期，最后日期13extension n. 延期14circumstance n. 情形；情况15abuse vt. 滥用16vote vi. 表决.拓展词汇通其变1circulate vi.循环circulation n循环2digest vt.消化digestion n消化3tolerate vt.容忍toleration n容忍；忍受tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的tolerance n宽容；容忍4fundamental adj.根本的；基础的fundamentally adv.根本上；基本上5annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的annually adv.一年一度地6oppose vt.反对opposition n反对；反抗opposed adj.反对的；相对的opposite adj.对面的；相反的7contradict vt.(与其他事物)相矛盾contradictory adj.相矛盾的8violate vt.违反，违背violation n违背；违犯；违反9rebuild vt.重建build v建造10prohibit vt.禁止prohibition n禁止prohibitive adj.限制性的11rob vt.使丧失；抢劫robbery n抢劫12equip vt.使有准备equipment n装备；装备品13fortune n大笔钱财，巨款fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地unfortunately adv.不幸地14submit vt.提交submission n提交；呈递15concern n担心；担忧concerned adj.担心的concerning prep.关于1.“公司”有几家firm n商行，公司company n. 公司corporation n. 公司；法人(团体)syndicate n. 企业联合incorporation n. 法人；公司；社团2.聚焦“状况，情况”相关名词conditionstatesituationcircumstancestatus3.annual相关形容词全扫描minutely每分钟的hourly 每小时的daily 每日的weekly 每周的monthly 每月的(二)重点短语记牢用活1in_vain徒劳，白费力气2at_random 随便地，随意地3at_all_costs 不管多大代价， 无论如何4straight_away 立刻，马上5wipe_out 毁掉；彻底毁灭6stop_sth.in_its_tracks 终止；消灭7rob_sb.of_sth. 抢劫某人某物8at_any_rate 无论如何；至少9get_down_to 开始做10bring_up 教育；抚养；呕吐11get_through 通过(考试)；完成12clear_up 整理；解释；澄清13put_off 推迟；延期14miss_out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会15focus_on 聚焦；集中；对准 1.“atn.”短语全扫描at liberty获得自由的at ease 安逸；自在at present 目前，现在at random 随便地，任意地at fault 有责任；有错误2.“开始做某事”短语大团圆get down to (doing) sth.settle down to sth.set about doing sth.set out to do sth.start/begin to do/doing sth.3.“v.off”短语速记show off 炫耀，卖弄pay off 还清take off 起飞；脱掉put off 推迟give off 发出(光、热、气味等)(三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：if引导状语从句用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的假设Many contemporary amateur athletes would_have_broken world records if_they_had_taken_part_in the first Olympic Games.如果许多当代业余运动员参加了第一届奥运会，他们可能就打破世界纪录了。句型2：have sth.done使某事被做In the future, athletes who have_their_genes_changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.将来，改变基因的运动员可能在8秒内跑完100米或不到两小时就能跑完马拉松。句型3：rather than是一个并列连词，表示“而不是”The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。句型4：sb./sth.be believed to.为固定结构，意为“某人或某物被认为是”Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to_have_been the most acute epidemic in history.因为在18个月内造成多达5 000万人死亡，且倾向于袭击年轻又健康的人群，而非老年人，所以西班牙流感被认为是史上最严重的流行病。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1Life is a series of choices and we cant always foresee(预知) the consequences.2The police have put up posters around the city with photos of the man they are seeking(寻找)3She declined(谢绝) to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasnt feeling well.4He claimed to have been badly treated(款待) in the supermarket when he was doing the shopping yesterday. 5(2018北京卷)They tolerate(容忍，忍受) long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread.6Fortunately(fortune), the fire was discovered soon after it broke out.7(2017天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment(equip), allowing more patients to be treated.8The man said that the library was temporarily(temporary) closed for repairs.9The new plan was strongly opposed(oppose) by the people at the meeting.10China and the United States have reached an agreement to import 14 extra foreign films annually(annual).派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1The robbers robbed the old man of his bag and the police are looking into the robbery now.(rob)2There is a prohibitive tax on imports and in a way, some people are prohibited from importing goods and everyone must obey the prohibition(prohibit)3His parents cant tolerate his bad habit.Luckily, h