精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上构词法 Word Formation在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。一、合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。方式：1. 直接写在一起。2. 用连字符(-)连接。3. 由两个分开的词构成。合成形容词方式例词形容词形容词red-hot形容词名词first-class, full-time, part-time形容词现在分词good-looking, free-thinking, 形容词过去分词ready-made形容词名词-edgood-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded名词名词-ediron-willed名词形容词world-famous, day-long 名词现在分词beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, time-saving名词过去分词man-made, water-covered, 副词形容词ever-green副词现在分词hard-working, far-seeing副词过去分词well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known数词名词five-year数词名词+形容词five-year-old数词名词-edfour-legged, six-storied 合成动词构成方式例词名词动词day-dream副词动词overcome, upturn 形容词动词white-wash合成名词构成方式例词名词名词horseback , bank-note, newspaper 形容词名词back-yard, forehead, 动名词名词hiding place, reading-room动词副词get-off, break in, 副词动词overflow合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever 合成代词whoever, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, nothing二、派生 Derivation前缀前缀含义例词a-处在arise, aside, aloneen-使可能enrich, enable, enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, un-不做相反动作unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclose, undress, uncover, untiein-im-ir-il-不，非inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impracticalirregular, irresponsibleillogical, non-不，非non existent, non-interference, non-conductor, non-stopde-向相反方向发展Decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻）anti-反（对）anti-freeze, anti-fascistmis-错误的，坏的misdoings, misunderstand, misfortunere重复，再rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, co-共同co-exist, co-operate, co-educationex以前的Ex-husband, ex-presidenttele远程telephone, telegraph, telescopesuper-在上面，超级supermarket, superpower, under-在之下underline, underestimate, underground, inter-相互，之间international, interact, inter-changesub-下，次subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent, trans-过，穿过，变transformation(变形), translatevice-副vice-premier, vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal, semicircle, semi-automaticbi两个bicycle, biennial两年一次的tri三个triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎mul-多，多种multiply, multi-national, multi-colouredkilo-千kilometre, kilogramme 后缀 后 缀例 词名词-er/eerfarmer, weaver, pain-killer, murderer, villager, speaker, cooker, recorder, engineer-essactress, waitress, princess, hostess-orconductor, sailor, transistor, operator, -arBeggar-eseChinese, Portuguese, Japanese-ianmusician, Egyptian, physician-istscientist, dentist, communist, -ent/-antassistant -mentargument, judgment, government-nesshappiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness-ionaction, decision, creation-tiondictation, preparation, repetition, action, information, invention-ingbuilding, wedding, painting-shipleadership, friendship, hardship-ageshortage, marriage, leakage-tyloyalty, cruelty, penalty, sixty, twenty, thirty, certainty-thtruth, warmth, length, growth, fifteenth, fourth-anceacceptance, assistance, reliance, appearance-encedependence, confidence, reference, entrance, defence-fulmouthful, handful, plateful, -alrefusal, denial, arrival-ydifficulty, possibility, -domfreedom, wisdom, kingdom-ismsocialism, materialism-listnovelist, socialist,后 缀例 词形容词-alcentral, industrial, national, natural-anEuropean, American, Australian-erneastern, northern, southern-ablereasonable, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, sensible-fulcareful, cheerful, grateful, faithful, -ishchildish, Swedish, selfish-ivedestructive, collective, active, creative, effective-ythirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny-lesscareless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless-engolden, wooden, woolen-ouscourageous, famous, continuous, serious, various-aryimaginary, revolutionary, secondary-icrealistic, historic, poetic-sometroublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome-likechildlike, womanlike, manlike-antignorant, significant, observant, important-entdiligent, silent, excellent, frequent -lylively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly-ishchildish, foolish后 缀例 词动词-izerealize, modernize, mechanize, criticize, -enwiden, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicken, deepen-fySimplify, beautify, terrify, 后 缀例 词副词-ward(s)forward, northward, backward, downward-lyslowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly三、转化 Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话打电话, mirror镜子像镜子一样反映, drink喝饮料, record录音记录2. 形容词转化为动词perfect完美的使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词)fro