高考英语语法知识点讲解-简单句和并列句简单句的基本句式 一、基本句型一、基本句型1.主语+连系动词+表语The students are on the playground.学生在操场上。Please keep quiet！ 请安静！2.主语+谓语（+状语）She is singing in the next room.她在隔壁房间里唱歌。They worked day and night.他们夜以继日地工作。Both brother and sister are college students.兄妹俩都是大学生。I saw off the graduates and come back to take a class.我送走了毕业生，又回来上课。3.主语+谓语+宾语I enjoyed the movie very much.我很喜欢这部电影。The students clean the classroom every day.学生们每天打扫教室。4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语She bought me a dictionary.她给我买了一本词典。This little boy is always asking the teacher questions.这个小男孩老爱问老师问题。5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语They painted the door red.他们把门漆成了红色。We all call the baby Sara.我们都叫这个婴儿萨拉。简单句的基本句式 二、并列主语和并列谓语二、并列主语和并列谓语1.并列主语：由and和both .and连接的并列主语谓语动词用复数。Jim and Mary are both interested in it.吉姆和玛丽都对此感兴趣。Both brother and sister are working in the city.兄妹俩都是在城市工作。【提示】 当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时，谓语用单数。A cart and horse was seen in the distance.远处看见一辆马车。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢铁工业对我们的生活很重要。2.并列谓语：谓语并列中在最后一个谓语动词前加and。Yesterday I went to buy some books and had dinner at a good restaurant.昨天我去买了一些书，又在一个很好的饭店吃了晚饭。The soldier looked at him，exchanged glances with his comrade and took out the gun.士兵看着他，和同伴互相使了个眼色，掏出了枪。并列句 一、并列句的分类一、并列句的分类1.表示并列关系常用连词：and not only .but （also）He didnt go and she didnt go either.他没去，她也没去。This article is well-written and youd better read it.这篇文章写得很好，你最好看看。Not only everything he had had taken away from him，but also his German citizenship was taken away from him.不仅他所有的一切被剥夺，而且连他的德国国籍也被剥夺了。2.表示转折关系常用连词：but yet when whileI would have written before but I have been ill.我本该早写信的，但我生病了。Shes a funny girl，yet you cant help liking her.她很滑稽，但你禁不住会喜欢她。He sold it for 10 dollars when everyone else sold it for 12.别人卖12元，他却卖10元。You like tennis，while Id rather read.你爱打网球，但我爱看书。3.表示选择关系常用连词：or either .or .Be careful about what you say or you may regret it.当心你讲的话，否则你会后悔的。Will he still be there or will he have gone away？ 他还在那里还是可能已经走了？Either you are mad or I am （mad）.不是你疯了，就是我疯了。Either you must improve your work or we shall dismiss you.要么你好好干，要么我就辞退你。4.表示因果关系常用连词：for soHe shook his head，for he thought differently.他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想法。The ground is wet，for it rained last night.地面是湿的，因为昨晚下过雨。He told me to do it，so I did it.他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。【提示】 for 并列连词，表示因果关系，一般置于主句之后。并列句 二、并列句特殊句式二、并列句特殊句式1.祈使句+连词+陈述句（1）祈使句+and+陈述句Work hard and youll succeed.努力干吧，你会成功的。Arrive late once more and youre fired.你再迟到一次，你就会被开除。Give him an inch and he will take a mile.得寸进尺。Follow the doctors advice，and youll be well very soon.听从医生的医嘱，你很快就会好起来的。（2）祈使句+or+陈述句Work hard or you will fail in the exam.如果你不努力的话，考试会不及格的。Take the chance，or you will never succeed.抓住机会吧，否则你永远不会成功。Watch your step，or else you might fall into the water.留神脚下，不然你会掉进水里的。Do as youre told，otherwise youll be in trouble.叫你怎么做就怎么做，否则你会有麻烦的。【提示】 or 有时也可以用or else或otherwise代替。（3）名词词组+and+陈述句One more step，and the baby will fall into the well.再多迈一步，这个小男孩就掉进井里了。One step further and youll get lost.再多走一步，你就会迷失方向了。A few minutes earlier，and I could have seen the famous scientist.要是我早来几分钟，就能见到那位著名的科学家了。A bit more effort，and the problem would be straightened out.再多点努力，问题就会解决。（4）祈使句+破折号+陈述句Try some of this juice perhaps youll like it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。【比较】Work hard，and youll succeed.（并列句：祈使句+and+结果分句）If you work hard，youll succeed.（复合句）Working hard，youll succeed.（简单句，现在分词作状语）2.“分句+when .”句式，意为“就在那时（突然）”（1）was/were doing sth.when .She was watching TV when the door bell rang.她正在看电视，这时门铃响了。He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.他正笑着的时候，门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。He was running away when the policemen stopped him.他正要逃跑，警察突然拦住了他。（2）had done sth.when .He had gone to bed when the telephone rang.他刚刚上床睡觉电话就响了。I had travelled only two hours when the winds increased so much.我刚走了两个小时，突然狂风大作。He had walked a few steps when he realized it was the wrong direction.他还没走出去几步远，突然意识到走错了方向。（3）was/were about to do sth.when .They were about to set out when it began to rain.他们正要出发，这时下起了雨。She was just about to say something more when she noticed his sorrowful look.她刚要再说些什么，突然看到了他悲伤的脸色。We were about to telephone you when your telegram arrived.我们正准备给你打电话，这时你的电报来了。（4）was/were on the point of doing sth.when .He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.他刚要走就有人敲门。They were on the point of giving up when the captain encouraged them fiercely to save the ship.就在他们快要放弃努力时，船长鼓励他们竭尽全力挽救轮船。The coach was just on the point of giving up the game when our team scored two points.教练正准备放弃比赛，这时我们队得了两分。（5）was/were busy doing sth.when .I was busy doing my homework when one of my classmates came.我正忙着做作业，这时我的一个同学来找我。I was busy cooking when there was a knock at the door.我正在忙着做饭，突然听到了敲门的声音。（6）was/were+介词短语+when .He was on his way to a lecture when a