高中英语语法学习/复习讲义虚拟语气语法知识点讲义03【精讲版全国通用】不同从句中的虚拟语气知识点总结用虚拟语气的某些特殊宾语从句在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词有人归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order, command)、三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”，这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：The doctor ordered her to stay in bed.医生要求她卧床。His parents advised that he change his job.他父母劝他换工作。He requires that I (should) appear.他要求我出场。注：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：He insisted that I had read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。He insisted that I should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会：What he said suggested that he was a cheat.他说的话表明他是个骗子。I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我觉得你与他心照不宣。某些从句中的虚拟语气用法1. would rather后的句子用虚拟语气通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表过去的愿望。如：Id rather you came next Saturday.我宁愿你下星期六来。Id rather you hadnt done that.我宁愿你没这样做。2.某些用虚拟语气的主语从句形容词important, impossible, necessary等后的主语从句通常用虚拟语气。如：It is impossible that he should go home.他不可能会回家去。It is necessary that I should return it right now.我有必要马上还回去。注：在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及I am surprised (sorry)和I regret等结构后的that从句中有时也用should，表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意。如：Its strange that he should be so rude.他竟如此无礼，真是奇怪。Im surprised that he should have failed.他竟然失败了，这使我很吃惊。若不用虚拟语气也可以，则不带感色彩，比较：Its a pity that he failed the exam.他考试没及格，真是遗憾。Its a pity that he should have failed the exam.他考试竟没及格，真是遗憾。用虚拟语气的某些特殊主语从句形容词important, impossible, necessary等后的主语从句通常用虚拟语气。如：It is important that he work hard.他用功是很重要的。It is necessary that I should return it this morning.今天早上我就有必要还回去。注：在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及I am surprised (sorry)和I regret等结构后的that从句中有时也用should，表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意。如：Its strange that he should be so rude.他竟如此无礼，真是奇怪。Im surprised that he should have failed.他竟然失败了，这使我很吃惊。若不用虚拟语气也可以，则不带感情色彩，比较：Its a pity that he failed the exam.他考试没及格，真是遗憾。Its a pity that he should have failed the exam.他考试竟没及格，真是遗憾。附录：虚拟语气是各类考试的一个重要考点，大家可能对它在语法题中的考查比较熟悉，但它在听力题的考查却可能是许多考生比较忽略的。如下面这道题：M: Is Smith angry?W: I dont think so. If he were, hed tell us.这是一组很简单的对话，如果是录音你能听懂吗？其中W的话中就运用了虚拟语气，且同时还有所省略。其意为：男：史密斯生气了吗？女：我想不会吧。他要是生气了，他会告诉我们的。请再看下面这组对话：W: Oh, dear. I wish we had taken the lift.M: If I had known it was so far up, I wouldnt have suggested walking.可以肯定，如果一个考生对虚拟语气没有掌握好，他肯定听不懂这组对话。请看下面这道针对以上对话设置的考题：What are the two speakers doing?A.Walking down a hill.B.Climbing stairs.C.Discussing a trip.现在退一步说，即使上面道题不是听力题，而是阅读理解题，假设你对虚拟语气的内容没有掌握好，你对选对其答案吗？