初中英语“句型转换”题归类与指导（二）三、主动语态与被动语态的互变主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，“二不变”即时态不变，句式不变。例如：They make watches in the town.-Watches are made by them in the town.I can finish the work before eight.-The work can be finished（by me）before eight.Do they grow rice in South China?-Is rice grown in South China?1、主动句变被动句第一步：要看时态，时态必须保持一致。第二步：把主动句的宾语改为被动句的主语，谓语动词由主动形式改为被动形式，主动句的主语成为介词by的宾语，放在句尾。For example:People keep sheep for producing wool.Sheep _ _for producing wool _people.2、主动句改为被动句，要注意谓语动词由主动形式变为被动形式时的各种变化，具体有以下几种变化：一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词现在完成时的被动语态：have/has +been + 过去分词情态动词的被动语态 ：can/may/must/+be + 过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall +be + 过去分词现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are +being + 过去分词过去进行时的被动语态：was/were +being+ 过去分词过去完成时的被动语态：had + been+ 过去分词For example：（1）Li Lei mended the bike。（改为被动语态）-The bike _ _ by Li Lei.（2）We should plant trees in spring（2005年四川考题）-Trees should _ _in spring3、含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一般把间接宾语改为被动句的主语，或者把直接宾语改为被动句的主语，在be done 后需加to或for。注意：（1）把直接宾语改为被动句的主语，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：send ，pass ，write ，give ，show ，bring ，lend ，sell ，hand ，tell等。（2）间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：Buy ，cook ，make ，order ，choose ，get ，draw等。For example：My mother bought me a beautiful skirt yesterday I _ _ a beautiful skirt by my mother yesterday A beautiful skirt _bought _ me by my mother yesterday4、在被动句中，感官动词（see，hear，watch, feel , look at , listen to等），使役动词（let，make，have等）后作宾语补足语的不定式前不加to，但在被动句中做主语补足语的不定式前必须加上to。For example：Jim heard his friend sing a song an hour ago。-His friend _ _ _sing a song by Jim。I saw him take your umbrella.-He was seen to take your umbrella. 四、直接引语变间接引语在做直接引语变间接引语时必须掌握它的一些规律，下面来归纳一下：1、变化人称的一般规律：（1）直接引语中的第一人称变间接引语时，其人称与主句的主语一致。（2）直接引语中的第二人称变间接引语时，其人称与主句的宾语一致。（3）直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时，其人称不变。For example：An English teacher asked his students，“Are you interested in my lessons？”An English teacher asked his students if they were interested in his lessons。2、注意时态的变化。一般规律是间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。 直 接 引 语 间 接 引 语一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时现在进行时 过去进行时一般将来时 过去将来时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时For example：The teacher said angrily，“Where have you been all these days？”The teacher asked me angrily where I had been all those days。3、指示代词的变化。直接引语中的this变为间接引语时应改为that,复数these改为those. For example: Tim said to me,“This is the School Computer Center.” Tim said to me _ _ was the School Computer Center.分析：句中出现了两个that.第一个that是连接词,第二个that是指示代词。由直接引语中的this而变的。故正确答案为：that; that.4、.时间状语的变化直 接 引 语 间 接 引 语now 现在 then 那时today 今天 that day 那天this evening 今晚 that evening 那天晚上yesterday 昨天 the day before 前一天yesterday morning 昨天上午 the morning before 前一天上午last night 昨天晚上 the night before 前一天晚上two days ago 两天前 two days before 两天前next week 下周 the next week/the following week 第二周tomorrow 明天 the next day/the following day 第二天the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 两天前the day after tomorrow 后天 in two days time/two days after 两天后For example:Jane asked me,“Have you got anything on this evening?”（变间接引语）Jane asked me _if/whether_ I _had got_ anything on _that evening_5、直接引语变间接引语的引导词与由简单句变为宾语从句一样。有三种情况：that引导陈述句；一般疑问句或反意疑问句用if或whether;特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词来引导。这三种句型的语序都是用陈述语序。6、直接引语是祈使句，改为间接引语时成为不定式短语，而且谓语动词通常用：ask/order等“祈求，命令”的动词。For example: Her mother said to her,“Finish your homework before watching TV.” Her mother asked her to finish her homework before watching TV.注意：直接引语在下列三种情况时，即使主句是过去时，变间接引语时时态仍不变。a. 表示客观真理的一般现在时，如:The physics teacher said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”The physics teacher said _ light _ much faster than sound.解析：直接引语表示的是客观真理，变间接引语时时态不变，仍然用一般现在时，因此第二空填travels;第一空要用that来引导。故填：that.b. 表示客观事实或经常发生的，习惯性的动作时时态不变，如：Mike said,“My aunt is a worker”Mike said that _ aunt _ a worker.解析：第一空根据语境，把my改为his；第二空填is不变。c. 直接引语是过去完成时，过去进行时，变间接引语时时态不变，如：She said,“I had finished working before supper.”She said that she _ _working before supper.解析：根据直接引语中的时态是过去完成时，变间接引语时不变，所以仍填had ;finished.五、单数句子变复数句子1单数句子变复数句子就是把句在中的名词或代词变成复数形式。如果主语变成了复数，相应地谓语动词也要注意其变化。如： This is an English book.（变复数句子） _ _ _ English _解析：主语this应变为these。因此谓语动词由单数is变为复数are; an变为some用在肯定句中。名词book由单数变为books复数形式。2. 在单数句子中，有表示性别的名词修饰名词时，变复数句子时两个名词同时变复数，不是表示性别的名词修饰时只变后面的名词为复数形式。如：There is a woman t