感知文体常识感知文体常识概要写作要求考生在正确理解文章的基础上,在不改变原文中心思想的前提下,用简明、精炼的语句高度概括文章的主要内容和观点。概要写作的文章将主要考虑以下内容:(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(3)上下文的连贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。牢记写作素材牢记写作素材(一)增色词汇1.顺序firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally首先,第二,第三,最后;tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally首先,然后,再次,最后;tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally首先,再次,另外,最后。2.并列aswellas也;notonly.but(also).不仅还;including/included包括。3.对比ontheonehand.ontheotherhand.一方面另一方面;foronething.foranother.一方面另一方面;onthecontrary与此相反;nevertheless然而。4.递进even甚至;besides除外(还);whatsmore还有;moreover而且;furthermore此外;inaddition另外;worsestill=whatsworse=tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是。5.例证asamatteroffact/infact事实上;forexample/forinstance例如。6.强调especially特别;indeed确实;atleast至少;atmost最多;notatall根本不;orrather更确切地说;particularly特别地。7.因果thanksto多亏;asaresult结果;becauseof/asaresultof/onaccountof/dueto因为;owingto多亏;forthisreason由于这个原因。8.总结inshort总之;generallyspeaking一般来说;briefly/inbrief简言之;tosumup=tosummarize=insummary/toconclude总之。(二)精彩句型常用开头语1.议论文Thepassage/authorarguesthat.本文/作者主张Thepassage/authorhighlightstheimportanceof.本文/作者强调了的重要性。Thepassage/authordiscussestheimpactof.本文/作者讨论了的影响。Thepassage/authorcompares.with.本文/作者比较了与2.说明文Accordingtothepassage,wecanknow.根据文章我们可知Thispassage/articleismainlyabout.这篇文章主要是关于Inthepassage,thewriter/authormainlytellsus.在这篇文章中作者主要告诉我们Anewstudyfound.一个新的研究发现Thepurposeofthereportistoshow.这一报告的目的是表明3.记叙文Thepassage/storyismainlyabout.本文/这个故事主要是关于Theauthortellsusastoryabout.作者告诉我们一个关于的故事。Thepassageisastoryabout.本文是一个关于的故事。示例写作步骤示例写作步骤【写作要求写作要求】阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Where are the bees?Beesareessentialtotheproductionoffoodweeat.Beesmakehoney,buttheyalsopollinatelargeareasofcrops,suchasstrawberries,applesandonions.Aboutathirdofthefoodweeatisaresultofpollinationofthebees.Unfortunately,beeshavebeendisappearingatanalarmingrate.In2006,beekeepersstartedreportingaboutsomethingcalledColonyCollapseDisaster(CCD).ThemainsignofCCDisthelossofadulthoneybeesfromahive.InOctoberof2006,somebeekeepersreportedthattheyhadlostbetween30and90percentoftheirhives.Thereweremanytheoriesforthedisappearanceofthebees.Butthemostconvincingonehastodowithpesticidesandlifestylesofbeestoday.Nowadays,beekeepersgetmostoftheirincomenotfromproducinghoneybutfromrentingbeestopollinateplants.Thismeansthatthelifeofthetypicalbeenowconsistsoftravellingallaroundthecountrytopollinatecropsastheseasonschange.Thatmeansalotoftravelingontrucks,whichisverystressfultobees.Itisnotunusualforupto30%ofthehivetodieduringtransportduetostress.Inaddition,beesthatspendmostoftheirtimebeinglockedupontrucksarenotexposedtowhattheyusuallyliveon.Instead,theyliveonasweetliquidfromcorn,usuallypollutedwithpesticides.Theexactreasonforthedisappearanceofbeesisnotsure,butlosingbeesisverycostlytotheeconomy.Thebeepollinationservicesareworthover$8billionayear.Withnobees,pollinationwillhavetobedonebyhand,whichwouldhaveeffectsonthequalityoffoodandincreasefoodprice.Wehearalotaboutbigenvironmentaldisastersalmosteveryday.Butoneofthebiggestdisastersmayjustbethelossofthattinyflyinginsect.【审题谋篇审题谋篇】体裁说明文人称第三人称时态一般现在时话题蜜蜂的消失框架要点1:蜜蜂很重要,却在消失要点2:蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形要点3:蜜蜂消失的原因要点4:蜜蜂消失的影响【遣词造句遣词造句】1.词汇(1)提供某物(2)未知的(3)灾难性的(4)经济(5)由于provide.with.unknowndisastrouseconomydueto/becauseof2.句式(1)要点翻译蜜蜂能为我们提供蜂蜜。Beescan.蜜蜂也帮助作物授粉。Beescanalso.由于未知原因,它们正在以惊人的速度消失,这将给我们和经济带来灾难。Theyaredisappearing,anditwillusandtheeconomy.provideuswithhoneyhelppollinatecropsatanalarmingrateforunknownreasonsbedisastrousto一些人认为这是由于杀虫剂的原因,而另一些人认为是运输。Somepeoplethinkitisduetopesticides,.whileothersthinkitisduetotransport(2)句式升级用notonly.butalso升级句和句用定语从句升级句Beesnotonlyprovideuswithhoney,butalsohelppollinatecrops.Theyaredisappearingatanalarmingrateforunknownreasons,whichwillbedisastroustousandtheeconomy.【妙笔成篇妙笔成篇】Beesnotonlyprovideuswithhoney,butalsohelppollinatecrops.However,theyaredisappearingatanalarmingrateforunknownreasons,whichwillbedisastroustousandtheeconomy.Somepeoplethinkitisduetopesticideswhileothersthinkitisduetotransport.针对训练阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Todaysfamiliesarebusierthantheyhaveeverbeen!Kidstakepartinmoreafter-schoolactivitiesandparentshaveabusiersociallife,too.Parentsarerunningtheirkidshereandthere.Everyoneseemstobeonthego.Ifthissoundslikeyourfamily,youarenotalone.However,therearestilltimeseachdaywhenfamilymemberscanbetogetherinoneplace:mealtimes!Thebenefitsofsharingamealtogetherasafamilyareunbelievable.Notonlycanchildrenbenefit,butalsothefamily,asaunit.Mealtimecommunicationcanmakechildrenknowthattheirfamilyarealwaysthereforthemwhentheyareintrouble.Theywillfeelsafeandsecure.Besides,familymealsprovideanopportunityforallmemberstocometogetherandbuildbetterrelationships.Howcanyoumakefamilymealshappen?Youcanstartbyfixingafewdaysaweektoeattogether.Forexample,youcansetagoaltohaveregularfamilymealsatleastthreetimesperweek,ifpossible.Moreover,youdontneedtofocusondinnertimeonly.Instead,youcanincludefamilybreakfastsorlunches,whichenablesyourfamilytocometogetherandenjoyawarmfamilymoment.Whatshouldyoudoforthefamilymeals?AnarticlebyAnitaGurian,Ph.Dsuggestssometips.First,youshouldhavekidsprepareforthemeals,suchaswashingand