中考动词及句式总复习【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容： 寒假专题动词及句式动词种类：句法：谓语动词：1. 行为动词（1）vt. 必须跟宾语，语法意义才完整有主被动语态，但在下列特殊句型中vt. 后不能跟宾语have to do 有要干give to do 给干Its + adj. + to do（2）vi. 不能直接跟宾语，只有主动语态，若要及物必须跟上相应prep. （3）vt. & vi. open, close, burn, sing, study, sell, read, write, clean, keep, act, wash, feel2. 系动词系 adj. adv. n. prep. 从句，不定式，分词（1）常见系动词：be, become, seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, turn, keep, get, look like, （2）固定搭配：keep silent, keep quiet, go bad, fall in/asleep, get+adj.，turnadj.（3）系动词通常没被动，少数有进行时 be feeling, be getting3. 延续性v. 与终止性v. （1）终止性v. 表延续的转换换时态： v. + ago换词 ： arrive / get to / reach-be here / there end-be over get back / return-be back borrow-keep buy-have go-be there come-be here（2）终止性动词的进行时表将要或反复不断的动作He is jumping over there. 他在那边反复跳。（3）延续性动词与具体时刻的状语连用时用进行时We were waiting for you at 3 yesterday afternoon.（4）while 引出的时间状语从句中的v. 必须用延续性动词，多为进行时。（5）终止性动词否定until 直到才延续性动词肯定until 一直干到为止英语基本句式：英语句子有五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。 SV主谓结构SVF主系表结构SVO主谓宾结构SVO1O2 主谓双宾结构SVOC 主谓宾补结构 说明：S主语；F谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语 五个基本句式详细解释如下：1. SV句式: 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi. )。例如：He runs quickly. 他跑得快。They listened carefully. 他们听得很仔细。He suffered from cold and hunger. 他挨冻受饿。My ink has run out. 我的钢笔水用完了。2. SVF句式: 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v. )，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：He seen interested in the book. 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来有趣。The desk feels hard. 书桌摸起来很硬。The cake tastes nice. 饼尝起来很香。The flowers smell sweet and nice. 花闻起来香甜。You have grown taller than before. 你长得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill. 他突然病倒了。He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 他长大后当了教师。注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：He looked me up and down. 他上下打量我。They are tasting the fish. 他们在品尝鱼。Please turn the sentence into English. 请把这个句子译成英语。3. S十V十O句式: 在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt.)，因此有宾语。例如：I saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。 Have you read the story? 你读过这个故事吗?They found their home easily. 他们很容易找到他们的家。They built a house last year. 他们去年建了一所房子。Theyve put up a factory in the village. 他们在村里建了一座工厂。They have taken good care of the children. 这些孩子他们照看得很好。4. SVO1O2句式: 在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get，rob，warn等。例如：He gave me a book/a book to me. 他给我一本书。He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 他带给我一枝钢笔。He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 他把座位让给我。注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 妈妈给我买了一本书。He got me a chair/a chair for me. 他给我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me. 请帮我一下。5. SVOC句式: 在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。They made the girl angry. 他们使这个女孩生气了。They found her happy that day. 他们发现那天她很高兴。They named the boy Charlie. 他们给这个男孩起名为查理。I saw him come in and go out. 我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast. 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。I heard the glass broken just now. 我刚才听到玻璃碎了。【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）一. 选择填空：1. She came here _. A. since a month ago B. for a month C. a month agoD. next month2. They got here _.A. a moment agoB. for a momentC. since a moment agoD. sometimes3. My father has lived here _ .A. for three years B. since three years C. for three years agoD. three years ago 4. Lucy and Lily _ in Beijing for nearly two years.A. are B. wereC. will be D. have been5. My uncle _ since he left school.A. smoked B. was smoking C. has smoked D. had smoked6. They _ 100,000 trees by the end of 1994.A. planted B. has planted C. have planted D. had planted7. By the time Dave got up , his mother _ breakfast.A. has cooked B. had cooked C. cooked D. have cooked 8. He said that he _ never _ such a beautiful picture before.A. hasseenB. had .seen C. have seen D. was seeing9. My sister _ for three years before she went to college.A. had worked B. worked C. has worked D. have worked 10. Look! They _ their classroom. A. clean B. are cleaningC. cleaned D. was cleaning二. 根据对话，用所给动词的适当形式填空：A: Wheres Kate? B: She_1_ (go) to London.A: When _2_ she _3_(leave)? B: She _4_(leave)early this morning.A: How _5_ she _6_ (go) there? B: She _7_ (go) there by plane .A: When _8_she _9_ (come) back ?B: Sorry, I dont know. Perhaps she _10_(get) back in a month.三. 阅读短文并用所给动词的适当形式填空：Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and _(begin) a new service. The “taxi” is a small Swiss aero phane called a “Pilatus Porter”. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. Captain Fawcetts first passenger_(be) a doctor who _ (fly) from Birmingham to a lonely v