高考英语语法知识梳理-关系代词和关系副词关系词的用法 一、关系代词的用法一、关系代词的用法1.who（1）作主语He is the man who wants to see you.他就是想要见你的那个人。Success will come to him who is honest and diligent.成功将归于诚实而勤奋的人。（2）作宾语This is the boy （who）he met yesterday.这个男孩就是他昨天遇见的那个。In Berlin，he first met the woman （who）he married later.在柏林，他第一次遇见后来和他结婚的那个女人。She is the girl who I went there with.她就是和我一起去那儿的女孩。【提示】 在非正式文体中who可以代替whom；作宾语时，也可以省略。2.whom（1）作及物动词宾语He is the man （whom）I saw in the park yesterday.他就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人。The author （whom）you criticized in your view has written a letter in reply.你在评论中批评的那个作者写了一封回信。（2）作介词宾语The person to whom I complained is the manager.我向经理投诉。This is the boy with whom he worked.这就是和他一起工作的男孩。【提示】 whom作宾语时可以省略，但在介词后不能省略，也不能用who。3.whose（1）作定语The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr Williams.他女儿教你英语的那位教授是威廉斯博士。They rushed over to help the man whose leg was broken.那人的腿断了，他们跑过去帮忙。（2）指人时可以同of whom互换，若指物时可以同of which 互换。Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.They ran to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，他们跑去帮忙。They ran to help the man of whom the car had broken down.【比较】 我买了一本书，作者是位著名的科学家。I bought a book whose author was a famous scientist.I bought a book of which the author was a famous scientist.I bought a book the author of which was a famous scientist.4.which（1）作主语The factory which produces cars is over there.生产汽车的那家工厂就在那边。They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice.他们需要一种不像水稻那么需要水的作物。（2）作宾语The fish （which）they sell are not fresh.他们卖的鱼不新鲜。The farm （which）we visited yesterday is located in the suburb.我们昨天参观的农场位于郊区。【提示】 which作宾语时可以省略。（3）which引导非限制性定语从句时，可以修饰它前面的整个主句，相当于and this。Jim passed his driving test，which surprised everybody.吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。Sheila couldnt come to the party，which was a pity.希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honour to them.他们被请去赴国宴，这对他们来说是极大光荣。5.that（1）作主语，可指人指物。Its a question that needs careful consideration.这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（指物）Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree？树下在看杂志的那个人是谁？（指人）（2）作宾语，可指人指物。The girl （that）we saw yesterday is Toms sister.我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。（指人）The pieces of music （that）he wrote are symphonies.他写的那些乐谱都是交响乐曲。（指物）【提示】 that作宾语时可以省略。6.as（1）用于限制性定语从句中，as 多和such/the same连用。Such people as were recommended by him were professors of the university.他推荐的这些人都是大学的教授。He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.他给我讲了他的经历，我从来没有过的经历。I should like to use the same tool as is used here.我想使用和这里用的一样的工具。（2）用于非限制性定语从句中，修饰整个主句。As we all know，the earth is round.众所周知，地球是圆的。关系词的用法 二、关系副词的用法二、关系副词的用法1.whereThis is the room where he studies.这是他学习的房间。This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地方。2.whenThis was the day when he arrived.这是他到达的那一天。Who knew the time when the last train came？ 谁知道最后一列火车到来的时间？3.whyThis is the reason why he went.这是他去的原因。【提示】 why不能用于非限制从句。关系词的用法 三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词+关系代词”句式（1）when 分解为in/at/on which。I still remember the day on which I first met Jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。（when=on which）It was a time at which the Chinese struggled for freedom.那是一段中国人为自由而斗争的日子。（when=at which）Next month in which youll spend your holidays in your hometown，is coming.下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度假。（when=in which）（2）where 分解为in/on/at which。She is going to settle in Macao in which she has some close friends.她要到澳门去定居，在那里她有几个密友。（where=in which）This is the office at/in which I used to work.这就是我过去工作过的办公室。（where=at/in which）There is a wall on which hangs a picture.有一面墙，墙上有一幅画。（where=on which）（3）why 分解为for which。I dont know the reason for which he came so late.我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。（why=for which）Id like you to explain the reason for which you were absent.我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。（why=for which）（4）way作先行词，意为“方式”时，关系代词是“that/in which或省略”。This is the way （that）my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。She admired the way （in which）I answered the questions.她钦佩我回答问题的方式。I dont like the way he looked at me.我不喜欢他看我的样子。（省略关系词）（5）“介词+关系代词”其他句式Could you tell me for whom youve bought this coat？你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.杀死羊的那只狼被打死了。【提示】 “介词+关系代词”中介词后只能用“which/whom”。2.“表示部分的词语+of+关系代词”句式（1）不定代词+of whom/whichChina has a lot of islands，one of which is Taiwan.中国有许多岛屿，其中之一是台湾岛。There are a lot of students here，none of whom like the film.这里有许多学生，他们之中无人喜欢这部电影。My favorite writer is Mo Yan，some of whose novels have a surprising ending.我最喜欢的作家是莫言，他的一些小说结尾出奇。Mary has three brothers，all of whom are doctors.玛丽有三个哥哥，全是医生。（2）基数词、序数词、分数、百分数+of whom/whichHe has three sons，two of whom are teachers.他有三个儿子，其中两个当教师。The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year，80% of which are sold abroad.这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋子，其中80%销往国外。（3）名词+of whom/whichHe mentioned a book，the title of which Ive fo