第五讲 名词性从句名词性，在句中担任主语，宾语，表语，同位语根据担任成分不同，分为：宾语从句，主语从句，同位语从句，表语从句连接词：有且只能有一个连接词。that 陈述句whether （if）一般疑问句（是否）特殊疑问词what, when, where, why, which, how, whosewhatever, whoever, whomever 宾语从句： He told me (that) he had won the game. He asked me whether / if we would have the meeting. He asked me when/ where/ why/ how/ we would have the meeting. 主语从句：That he won the game surprised all of us.Whether we would have the meeting remained to be decided. When/ where/ why/ how we would have the meeting remained to be decided. 表语从句：The news was that he won the game.The question was whether we would have the meeting.The question was when/ where/ why/ how we would have the meeting. 同位语从句：The fact that he won the game surprised all of us.The question whether we would have the meeting remained unanswered. The question when/ where/ why/ how we would have the meeting remained unanswered. 注意点：1. 可否省略that只有宾语从句中的that才可以省略。其他名词性从句中的that不可省。宾语从句中若有两个从句，第二个that也不可省略。e.g. He said (that) he would be sent to America and that he would come back three years later. It was said that he would be sent to America. （主语从句，不可省略that） That he won the contest surprised all of us.2. if & whether宾语从句可用if连接一般疑问句，但其他名词性从句只能用whether。而且与or not 连用只能用whether。e.g. He asked whether/ if he would be sent to America. He asked whether he would be sent to America or not. It is still unknown whether he would be sent to America.3. it 做形式宾语或形式主语的结构。只能用从句或不定式作为真正的宾语或主语。e.g. It is known to all that China is a country with a long history. It remains a question whether/ when/ how he can manage to finish the job in time. The telephone makes it possible to speak to those who are far away. 4.同位语从句的注意点： 常用同位语从句的名词有fact, truth, news, word, promise, problem, suggestion, feeling 后跟that + 陈述句 question, 后跟whether或其他疑问代词。 e.g. The fact that they won the game made them very excited. The question whether they could win the game remains unknown. 注意和定语从句的区别： I gave him the promise (that I would come back) . (同位语从句) The promise (I gave to him) was that I would come back. （定语从句） 同位语从句的that在后面的从句中不担任成分，没有含义，但不可省略。 定语从句可用that, which连接从句，做宾语可以省略，在从句中担任成分。5. whoever, whomever , whatever 当whoever, whatever理解为no matter 可连接一个状语从句。 当理解为anyone who, anyone whom, 或 anything that时可引导一个名词性从句，在句中做主语或宾语。 比较：I will give the presents to whoever answers the question correctly. Whoever answers the question correctly, he will get the present. Whomever you mention will receive the presents. Whatever you say will have a great effect on the people around. Whatever you say, I wont let you go. 6. whoever 和who引导的名词性从句的区别： e.g. Whoever answers the question correctly can receive a prize. Who can answer the question correctly remains to be seen. 7. 如何理解what 引导的名词性从句。 What he will do next is what we all want to know. = something that we all want to know. When they first arrived in what is now called New District twenty years ago, the area was once covered with grass. = the place which is now called New District She is no longer what she was 20 years ago. = the person that she was 20 years ago. 典型习题1. In order to search for the escaped prisoner, the police decide to question _ comes along this road. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever2. The old man seems different from _he used to be. A. what B. that C. who D. / 3. The news came from Switzerland _ Liu Xiang won the first prize there. A. which B. that C. what D. where 4. When Europeans originally arrived in _ El Paso, Texas, the area was inhabited by the Manso and Suma people. A. what is now B. now C. which now is D. now is 5. _ all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of social scientists. A. Nearly B. That nearly C. It is believed D. What 6. The invention of telegram _ the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds. A. made it possible B. made possible C. made possibly D. made it possibly 7. Finally, he lived up to _ had been expected of him. A. what B. that C. it D. as8. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what 9. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need_. A. that to be improved B. which to be improved C. where improving D. when improving 10. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified nob