土木工程英语证书考试(PEC)-建筑词汇定义AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials)A regulatory organization which governs the design and specifications of highway bridges.AccessoriesAre extra items that can be furnished in addition to the base joist or joist girder. They include: headers, top chord extensions, extended ends, ceiling extensions, bottom chord extensions, sloped end bearings, bridging, bridging anchors, joist girder bottom chord bracing, or angle units (joist substitutes).ADLAbbrevation for After Dead Load is Applied.AestheticHaving the sense of beauty or pleasing to the eye.AFFAbbrevation for Above Finish Floor.AGA (American Galvanizers Association)A non-profit association representing the post-fabrication hot-dip galvanizing industry.AGCA (Associated General Contractors of America)Is a national trade organization of qualified construction contractors and and industry related companies dedicated to skill, integrity, an responsibility. The AGCA is the voice of the construction industry and is dedicated to improving the quality of construction and protecting the public.AIA (American Institute of Architects)An organization to unite in fellowship the members of the architectural profession in the United States.AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.)Is a non-profit technical specifying and trade organization for the fabricated structural steel industry in the United States. It was founded in 1921 with headquarters located in Chicago. One of their best known manuals is theManual of Steel Construction.AISE (Association of Iron and Steel Engineers)Abbreviation.AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute)An institute to promote the interests of the iron and steel industry.Alignment Chart for ColumnsA nomograph for estimating the effective length factor, K, of columns in an unbraced frame. Note that the chart is based upon assumptions of idealized conditions which seldom exist in real structures.AmplitudeA measure of floor vibration. It is the magnitude or total distance traveled by each oscillation of the vibration.Amplification FactorA multiplier of the value of moment or deflection in the unbraced length of an axially loaded member to reflect secondary values generated by the eccentricity of the load.Anchor BoltA long L shaped bolt which is set in concrete and used to anchor columns or other members to a foundation or other support.Anchor Bolt PlanA plan view showing the size, location, and projection of all anchor bolts.AnchorageThe process of fastening a joist or joist girder to a masonry, concrete, or steel support by either bolting or welding.AngleA hot rolled shape called an Angle with symbol L which has equal legs or unequal legs.Angle UnitA member used as a joist substitute which is intended for use at very short spans (10 feet or less) where open web steel joists are impractical. They are usually used for short spans in skewed bays, over corridors, or for outriggers. It can be made up of two or four angles to form channel sections or box sections. Tube and channel sections are also used. See Joist Substitute.ANSI (American National Standards Institute)A nonprofit organization which promotes the use of U.S. standards internationallyApexThe highest point on a joist or joist girder where the sloped chords meet. See also Peak.Approval PlansPlans sent by the joist manufacturer to the buyer, engineer, architect, contractor or other person for approval. The plans may include a framing plan, elevations, sections, and a material list.AreaUnit of measure of length times width expressed in square inches.Arched JoistA non-standard type of joist where both the top chord and bottom chord are curved parallel with each other.ArchitectA person who designs buildings or other structures and has completed schooling in building design or similar subjects and is licensed by the state as an architect.ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers)Founded in 1852, is the oldest national professional engineering society in the United States. It is dedicated to the advancement of the individual civil engineer and the civil engineering profession through education.ASD (Allowable Stress Design)A structural design method whereby a structural element is designed so that the unit stresses computed under the action of working or service loads do not exceed specified allowable values. See Working Stress Design and Elastic Design.Aspect RatioFor any rectangular configuration, the ratio of the lengths of the sides.ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)An organization which has developed over 10,000 technical standards which are used by industries worldwide.AtriumAn opening or skylighted lobby through two or more floor levels other than an enclosed stairway, elevator, etc.AutoCADThe worlds most popular computer-aided drafting software product for the personal compu