2022年货运代理考试辅导:航空运费和费率(1)英文原文：Deciding on a pricing policy for airfreight presents airlines with many difficulties， because freight consignments vary greatly in shape， size and weight， and this must be taken into account in the price structure， moreover， it is difficult to do so since many costs do not vary proportionately with consignment size.解释：decide on： 对做出打算（决议）price policy： 价格的政策 in shape： 在形状上 take into account： 考虑，重视 moreover： 而且; 此外; 再者 proportionately： 相称地， 成比例地 vary with： 随变化中文意思：打算货运价格的政策给航空公司带来很多困难，货物在形状、尺寸及重量上都有很大的区分，因此在制定价格时必需考虑周全。而且，很多本钱不是随货物尺寸相应变化的，要做到考虑周全也非常困难。英文原文：Cost of documentation fixed for almost any size of consignment and costs of ground handling on a per kg basis are generally much lower for large consignments than for small ones.解释：ground handling： 地面工作，地勤作业中文意思：通常大批量货物任何尺寸的固定的单证本钱和以每公斤为单位计算的地面工作本钱要比小批量货物的本钱低得多。英文原文：Costs will also vary according to commodity type. Some items such as hazardous goods and valuable cargoes need special handling， which incurs extra costs.解释：commodity type： 商品种类 hazardous goods： 危急品 valuable cargo： 珍贵货物中文意思：本钱也跟随商品类型的变化而变化。比方危急品和珍贵货物需要特别处理，就产生了额外的本钱。英文原文：These costs must be recovered as far as possible from the shippers of this type of cargo. Freight consignments vary in density， so airlines must decide whether charging should be based on weight， on volume or on a mixture of two， with high-density cargoes charged on weight， and low-density ones on volume.解释：recover： 弥补，挽回 as far as possible： 尽可能 freight consignment： 托运货物 density： 浓度， 密度; 比重 volume ：体积 high-density： 高密度 low-density： 低密度中文意思：这类货物的附加本钱会尽可能地从托运人那里获得补偿。托运货物在密度上也不一样，所以航空公司必需确定运费是以重量为根底收取还是按体积收取，或者按重量体积混合标准收费，高密度的货物以重量计算收费，低密度货物按体积收费。英文原文：If this latter policy is adopted， a decision must be taken on the cut-off point between weight and volumetric charging.解释：latter： 后面的，后者的 adopt： 实行，采纳 cut-off： 分界点;取舍点;分别点 volumetric： 测定体积的中文意思：假如采纳后面一种价格政策，就必需在重量和体积标准之间确定一个分界点。