滑动摩擦主动控制的试验研究Introduction:The sliding friction is one of the most important phenomena affecting various industrial and everyday applications. The control of sliding friction in the micro and nano-scale regime is vital to achieving high precision, accuracy, and reliability in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), biotechnology, and nanotechnology. In this study, we present an experimental investigation of active control of sliding friction using electrostatic forces.Method:We used a custom-made tribometer to measure the frictional force between two surfaces in sliding contact. The tribometer consists of a fixed base and a movable platform. The platform has a slider made of silicon nitride, while the base has a counterface made of silicon dioxide. The slider is driven by a piezoelectric actuator, which allows us to control the sliding velocity and change the contact area between the slider and the counterface. The frictional force is measured by a load cell connected to the movable platform. We applied an external voltage to the slider to generate an electrostatic force that acts on the counterface to reduce the sliding friction.Results:Our results show that the electrostatic force can effectively control the sliding friction between the slider and the counterface. We found that the magnitude of the electrostatic force depends on the applied voltage, the distance between the slider and the counterface, and the surface charge density. At a constant sliding velocity and contact area, we observed that the frictional force decreases with increasing applied voltage. We also showed that the electrostatic force can be used to adjust the sliding velocity, i.e., increasing the voltage reduces the velocity, and decreasing the voltage increases the velocity.Discussion and Conclusion:Our experimental study demonstrates that active control of sliding friction using electrostatic forces is feasible and effective. The proposed method has potential applications in MEMS, biotechnology, and nanotechnology to improve the performance of micro and nano-systems. Future works should focus on the optimization of the electrostatic force and its integration with other stimuli, e.g., magnetic and thermal, to achieve better control of sliding friction in complex environments.Moreover, the use of electrostatic forces for friction control has additional advantages over other methods. Unlike other techniques that require the use of lubricants or coatings, electrostatic forces do not involve any external materials, which can cause contamination or wear. Moreover, the proposed method is non-invasive, meaning that no physical modification of the surfaces is required. This is particularly appealing for applications where the surfaces are delicate, sensitive or expensive. It is worth noting that the effectiveness of the proposed technique is strongly influenced by the surface properties of the slider and the counterface. For example, the surface charge density, roughness, and conductivity of the surfaces can affect the electrostatic force and its efficiency in controlling friction. Therefore, future works should investigate the effect of surface properties on the electrostatic force and develop an optimal design for the surfaces. In conclusion, the use of electrostatic forces for active control of sliding friction is a promising technique for achieving high precision, accuracy, and reliability in micro and nano-systems. The proposed method has the potential for use in various industrial and biomedical applications. While the current study serves as an initial demonstration of the feasibility of the technique, further research is required to optimize the electrostatic force and its integration with other stimuli.Furthermore, the proposed method has potential applications in various fields, such as micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), nano-manipulation, and nanorobotics. MEMS refers to the integration of micro-scale mechanical structures, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a single device. The precise control of friction can improve the performance and reliability of MEMS devices, such as micro-robotics, micro-pumps, and microsensors. The use of electrostatic forces for friction control can also benefit nano-manipulation, where precise control of forces and motion is crucial for manipulation and assembly of nano-objects. In the field of nanorobotics, the precise control of motion and forces is essential for the development of nano-robots that can perform various tasks, such as drug delivery or surgery.Moreover, the use of electrostatic forces for friction control can benefit biomedical applications, such as implantable devices and biosensors. Implantable devices, such as pacemakers and cochlear implants, require precise control of friction between the device and the surrounding tissues to prevent damage or inflammation. Biosensors, which detect and measure biomolecules, such as glucose, require pr