物流管理logistics management客户服务customer service物资搬运material handling零配件和服务支持parts and service support工厂及仓库选址factory and warehouse site selection存货管理inventory management订单处理order processing需求预测demand forecasting退货处理return goods handling逆向物流reverse logistics产出点point of origin消费点point of consumption物流成本logistics cost销售损失lost sales退货处理成本cost of return goods handling潜在的销售potential sales运输成本transportation cost进货渠道inbound channel出货渠道outbound channel订单处理成本order processing cost需求预测deman forecast销售沟通distribution communications电子数据交换系统electronic data interchange (EDI)卫星数据传输satellite data transmission条码bar coding内部成本internal cost外部成本external cost订单传输order transmittal订单输入order entry批量成本lot quantity cost缺货stock-out库存成本inventory carrying/ holding cost资金成本capital cost仓储空间成本storage space cost风险成本risk cost供应链supply chain供应链管理supply chain management核心能力core competency人力资源human resources供应链整合supply chain integration物资采购material procurement最终用户end customer货物流product flow信息流information flow上游供应商upstream supplier下游供应商downstream firm供应链战略supply chain strategy多供应商many suppliers strategy少数供应商战略few suppliers strategy纵向整合战略vertical integration日式企业联合keiretsu networks虚拟企业virtual company前向整合forward integration后向整合backward integration规模经济economy of scale成本降低cost reduction产品移动product movement在途库存in-transit inventory有害物质hazardous material远洋运输Ocean going ships价格优势price advantage门到门door-to-door有效利用能源energy-efficient灵活性和通用性flexibility and versatility建筑材料building materials跨西伯利亚铁路he Trans Siberian railway多式联运multi-modal transport空箱empty container拼箱groupage container公铁运输road-rail transportLASH: lighter abroad ship 子母船CFS: container freight station 集装箱货运站FCL: full container load 集装箱整箱货物LCL: less than container load 拼箱装TEU：twenty-foot equivalent units 标准箱工业中心industrial center装货地place of loading系统化运输systematic transfe长距离运输long distance movement资金周转cash flow运输成本transport cost现场仓库field warehouse中间商intermediary-consumer/user网络结构network structure运输设施transport vestment延期交货订单back-orders分拨渠道distribution channel库存周转inventory turnover库存管理inventory management存置成本holding cost生产时间进度安排production schedule按程序工作work in process库存单位stock keeping units前置期lead time搬运成本carrying cos t容量计划capacity planning撤回withdraw分类assortment竞争武器competitive weapon库存水平inventory levels潜在的问题potential problem物流活动logistics activities最终顾客ultimate customer信息技术information technologies物流信息系统 logistic information system实时销售信息real-time sales data决策相关信息decision-relevant information决策支持系统decision support systems长期预测long-term forecast库存控制inventory controllogistics information system通信标准communication standard人工参与human intervention采购订单purchase orders贸易伙伴trading partners数字网络digital networks操作系统operating systems资本投资capital investment电子扫描electronic scanning最终用户和销售伙伴end-use customers and reseller partners.替代程序alternative program客户服务customers service产品和价格信息products and price information网上销售on-line sales运营成本operating cost前置期lead time软件下载download software复印成本duplicate costs技术支持technical support订单递交order submission仓储操作warehousing operation基本布局basic layout按订单分拣order pick储存区storage area大批量运输large quantity shipments办公管理clerical/office administration装运检验shipment content checking升降货车lift truck运送路线delivery route标识marking产品编号product number仓库管理系统warehouse management system订单要求order requirement运输目的地shipping destination运输工具transportation facilities搬运信息handling information仓储设施warehouse facility公共仓库public warehousing自用仓库private warehousing广告成本advertising cost首笔投资initial investment客户服务customer service服务水平service level竞争动力competitive drive制造商manufacturer经销商distributor温控仓库temperature-controlled warehouse进口税imported duty罐装储存tank storage易腐物品perishable products农产品agricultural products大宗散装存储产品bulk storage products普通商品仓库general commodity warehouse冷藏仓库refrigerated warehouse特种商品仓库special commodity warehouse保税仓库bonded warehouse物资操作系统materials handling system机械化操作系统mechanized materials handling system自动化操作系统automated materials handling system信息导向操作系统information-directed materials handling system存储和订单处理设备storage and order picking equipment运输和分类设备transportation and sorting equipment出货设备shipping equipment自动导向车辆系统automated guided vehicle systems(AGVS)计算机分类computerized sortation活动货架live rack高层自动化存取系统high-rise storage and retrieval systems射频波控制设备RF-controlled equipment光导向操作light-directed operations订货拣选系统order selection system