航空英语证书考试(PEC)-飞行器术语Abort - Early mission termination due to failure(s) that preclude mission continuation. Return to Earth of the crew is accomplished inside the spacecraft designed for Earth return and landing (see Abort to Earth, Abort to Orbit).Abort to Earth - Early mission termination, with direct return to the Earths surface as the immediate objective.Abort to Orbit - An early mission termination that has an immediate objective of placing the flight system (CEV) in Earth orbit, prior to return to the Earths surface.Acceptance Tests - Tests conducted to verify that hardware delivered to higher-level assembly prior to delivery to the flight test and prior to delivery to the operational inventory or for operational spares conforms to program requirements. Acceptance testing also includes final sell-off of the fully assembled CEV.Annunciate - To provide a visual, tactile or audible indication.Ascent - The time from liftoff from the Earths surface, to spacecraft insertion into Earth orbit.Ascent Abort - Early mission termination due to failure(s) that preclude mission continuation. Return to Earth of the crew is accomplished inside the spacecraft designed for Earth return and landing.Attitude and Pointing Constraints - Constraints, restrictions or requirements on the vehicles orientation in space. These may include things such as requirements to orient a sensor at a specific target (such as a specific star), or a constraint limiting the amount of time a vehicle axis can be oriented toward a particular target (such as the sun, or deep space). They also include constraints or restrictions on maneuver rates and attitude deadbands.Automated control - Automatic, as opposed to human operation or control of a process, equipment or a system; or the techniques and equipment used to achieve this. Automation is the control or execution of actions with no human interaction. Automated control does not exclude the capability for manual intervention / commanding, but manual intervention / commanding is explicitly not required to accomplish the function.Autonomous operations - Defined as a flight vehicle operating independent of external commands or control (i.e., commands from mission control on Earth). Autonomous operations can be fully automated or require some degree of manual commanding/intervention by the onboard crew. Autonomous operations that do not require onboard crew involvement are, by definition, automated; therefore, the term autonomous operations used in the requirements assumes onboard crew involvement in the operations.Berthing - A method of mating two or more Exploration elements in space. During a berthing operation, the two elements are mechanically connected prior to the structural capture and final mating (i.e., one element grapples the other with a robotic arm). One element controls the trajectory and attitude of the other element for the contact and capture. Final mating is generally performed by the berthing mechanism.Catastrophic Hazard - A condition that may cause death or permanently disabling injury, major system or facility destruction on the ground, or major systems or vehicle destruction during the mission.CEV Acquisition Strategy Phase 1 - This is the formulation phase for the CEV. This phase begins in 2005 with contract award to multiple contractors and continues through PDR for each design.CEV Acquisition Strategy Phase 2 - This is the implementation phase for the CEV. This phase begins in 2008 with down select to one contractor and continues through 2014, with the first human launch of the CEV. This vehicle is a spiral 2-capable vehicle that also satisfies all spiral 1 capabilities.CEV Acquisition Strategy Post-Phase 2 - This is both the initial operations phase and the spiral 3 upgrade phase for the CEV. The initial operations phase begins in the negotiation of firm options into the 2008 contract for additional CEV flight and also includes the sustaining engineering of the production vehicles. The spiral 3 upgrade phase has the contractor upgrade their CEV design to incorporate all spiral 3 capabilities. This phase will not occur if the contractor incorporated all spiral 3 requirements in their original design.CEV System - Includes the spacecraft and all CEV-unique ground systems needed to support standalone and integrated operations.CEV System Flight Tests - Operating flight tests during the development phase used to qualify that the integrated flight vehicle system (including the launch vehicle) and ground support equipment, as procured and verified by the acceptance test procedures, conform to the Constellation program requirements.CEV System Level Requirements (CEV) - Requirements that will be developed by Constellation SE&I in conjunction with the CEV prime contractors. Includes performance/functional requirements for the CEV system and External Interface Requirements (EIRD) to other Constellation systems.Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (