2019四级考试阅读讲义(五十七)Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Themainideaofthesebusiness-schoolacademicsisappealing.Inaworldwherecompaniesmustadapttonewtechnologiesandsourcesofcompetition,itismuchharderthanitusedtobetooffergoodemployeesjobsecurityandanopportunitytoclimbthecorporateladder.Yetitisalsomorenecessarythaneverforemployeestoinvestinbetterskillsandsparklewithbrightideas.Howcanfirmsgetthemostoutofpeopleiftheycannolongerofferthemprotectionandpromotion?考试大Manybosseswouldlovetohaveananswer.SumantraGhoshaloftheLondonBusinessSchoolandChristopherBartlettoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolthinktheyhaveone：“employability”.Ifmanagersoffertherightkindsoftrainingandguidance,andchangetheirattitudetowardstheirunderlings,theywillbeabletoreassuretheiremployeesthattheywillalwayshavetheskillsandexperiencetofindagoodjobevenifitiswithadifferentcompany.Unfortunately,theypromisemorethantheydeliver.Theirthoughtsonwhatanidealorganizationshouldaccomplisharehardtoquarrelwith：encouragepeopletobecreative,makesurethegainsfromcreativityaresharedwiththepartsofthebusinessthatcanmakethemostofthem,keeptheorganizationfromgettingstaleandsoforth.Therealdisappointmentcomeswhentheyattempttoshowhowfirmsmightactuallycreatesuchanenvironment.Atitsnubisthenotionthatcompaniescanattaintheseelusivegoalsbychangingtheirimplicitcontractwithindividualworkers,andtreatingthemasasourceofvalueratherthanacoginamachine.TheauthorsofferafewinspiringexamplesofcompaniestheyincludeMotorola,3MandABBthathavemanagedtogosomewaytowardscreatingsuchorganizations.Buttheyofferlittleusefulguidanceonhowtogoaboutit,andleavethebiggestquestionsunanswered.Howdoyoucontinuouslytrainpeople,withoutdivertingthemfromtheireverydayjobofmakingthebusinessmoreprofitable?Howdoyoutrainpeopletobesuccessfulelsewherewhilestillencouragingthemtomakebigcommitmentstoyourownfirm?Howdoyougetyournewlyliberatedemployeestospendtheirtimeonideasthatcreatevalue,andnotsimplyonthosetheyenjoy?Mostoftheiranswersareplatitudinous;andwhentheyarenottheyareunconvincing.36. Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinthepastagoodemployee.hadjobsecurityandopportunityofpromotionhadtocompetewitheachothertokeephisjobhadtoundergotrainingallthetimehadnodifficultyclimbingthecorporateladderBy“employability”,GhoshalandBartlettmean.A)abilitytolearnnewskillsB)abilitytofindagoodjobabilitytododifferentkindsofjobsabilitytokeeponesjob38. WhatdoesthewriterofthispassagethinkoftheideasofGhoshalandBartlett?A) Veryinstructive.B) Veryinspiring.C) Hardtoimplement.D) Quitefoolish.39. Intheirbook,GhoshalandBartlettdiscuss.A)changesinbusinessorganizationsB)contractsbetweenemployersandemployeesC)employmentsituationsD)managementideas考试大Thispassageseemstobea(n).A) bookreviewadvertisementnewsreportresearchpaper