汉语翻译第15讲增补与省略 异化翻译策略一、考试解题指导：Choose better or the best version in each group1.学生违反校规规都要受到老师的批评。A. A student who violates any school rules will be criticized by the teacher.B. A student for his violation of any school rules will be criticized by the teacher.C. Violations of any school rules by a student will be criticized by the teacher.2.我们的英语学习取得了一个又一个进步。A. We have made advances one after another for our English studies.B. Our English studies have made advances one after another.3. 那手里拿着一本书的中年女老师正等着学生讨论问题。A. The aged woman with a book in her hand is waiting for the students to discuss a problem.B. The middle-aged is waiting for the students to discuss a problem., holding a book in her hand.C. The middle-aged woman teacher holding a book in her hand is waiting for the students with whom she will discuss a problem.4.请全体学生，于明天在会议室开会。A. All students are required to the meeting in the meeting-room tomorrow.B. Please All students to attend the meeting in the meeting-room tomorrow.C. All students are requested to have the meeting in the meeting-room tomorrow. 5. 上述论述充分说明，学生在学习中起着越来越重要的作用。A. Statements above mentioned fully show that students have played more and more important role in their studies. B. Statements listed above clearly indicate the increasing important role played by the students in their studies. 6. 我希望一年四季都是春天。I wish it is spring all the year round.I wish it were spring all the year round.二、翻译术语说明conversion: vprep./n.)（omission）(into a simple sentence with inanimate subj(n. adverb) (into a passive sentence)( translated as subject (amplification) ( the choice of predicate )(literal translation)（ combination）(into a passive sentence)我们往往从一个人所交往的朋友以及所阅读的书去看他的为人，因为人与人之间有友谊，同样的，人与书也就有书谊。 三、combination1. A man may usually be known by the book he read as well as by the company he keeps, for there is a companionship of books as well as of men.2. We may usually judge a man by the books that he read as well as by the friends that he has since there is a friendship between books and men as well as a friendship between men and men3. We may usually judge a mans virtue by the books that he read as well as by the friends that he has, for a friendship exists between books and men as well as between men and men.一、 增补法（Amplification)根据译文的语法结构，表达习惯和语义连贯的需要增加一些原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些词句从而更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。比较以下译文：1.挖掘含义感冒可以通过人的手进行传染。（学生译文）Flue will be spread by hand.（参考译文）Flue can be spread by hand contacts.我在花园里种满了芬芳的玫瑰花，远远望去，像是一片燃烧的晚霞。（学生译文）：I have grown many fragrant roses in my garden, looked from a distance, it seemed that there was a sunset glow burning flamingly.（参考译文）：All over my garden Ive planted nothing but roses, fragrant and -if looked from afar-ablaze with color like sunset clouds.2.修补语法结构我知道她平素最喜欢些花花草草，临别时我说，采一束玫瑰点缀你的闺房吧。 (学生译文) I knew that she likes flowers and plants. When we said goodbye to each other, I told her to pick a bunch of roses to decorate her boudoir.(参考译文）I know her to be a lover of flowers and plants, and for the reason I told her at her departure that she should pick a bunch of roses to decorate her boudoir.3.Addingthe social bachground(增补社会背景)江南的紫砂壶玲珑剔透，泥人张的彩塑令人拍案叫绝； (学生译文）Both the exquisitely carved pottery teapots made in South China and The shocking beautiful sculptures made by NiRen Zhang;（参考译文）Both the exquisiteness of the boccaro teapots made in south China, and the shockingly beautiful sculptures by sculptor Zhang of Tianjin4. Adding the words indicationg the tense(增加表达时态的词) 我在花园里种满了芬芳的玫瑰花 （学生译文）I planted fragrant roses all over my garden.（参考译文） Ive planted fragrant roses all over my garden.5. Semantic Amplification1对毕业生可采取“双向选择”的制度。The two-way choice system can be adopted for college graduates, which means that graduates could choose employers and employers could choose graduates. 2深入开展“严打”斗争和专项治理。We cracked down on all criminal activities and launched special campaigns to fight the crime and social evils that the people detest most. 二. 省略法 (omission)1.减去意思重复的词语1) 他喜欢英语，可我不喜欢英语。 He likes English, but I dont (like it).2) 他一开口总是三句话不离他女朋友。He can hardly open his mouth without talking about his girlfriend.2.省略冗余用词1) 按照格林先生的说法，这个问题很微妙。 According to Mr. Green, this is a very delicate problem. 2) 我对他讲的话，虽然逆耳，但是忠言。 I talked to him with brutal frankness. 3) 你愿意别人如何待你，你就如何待人。 Do as you would be done by.3省略表语气的词或虚词1) 她就是这种脾气。That is her temper! 2) III增补与省略翻译练习1送君千里，终须一别。2一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮。3春节假期，火车票十分紧俏，人们提前十天预定火车票。4前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。5让一部分人先富起来。1. Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last. 2. A fence needs the support of three stakes, an able fellow needs the help of three other people. 3. During the Spring Festival holiday, train tickets are always in short supply, so people have to rush their ticket booking ten days in advance