东北师大附中 2009-2010 高三英语语法复习专题十三 动词以及动词短语辨析编稿人：范纯萍 王锐 王艳飞 审稿人：高三英语组一、知识精要 动词是英语中最重要的词汇，是句子的核心，几乎每一个句子必有一个动词来担当谓语，说 明主语“是什么”或“做什么”。动词和动词短语，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，设题时往往都是 给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出 现在单项选择及完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面:1.动词的词义；2.动词搭配；3.动词短语；4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；5.常用动词的用 法;6.熟记高频动词构成的短语用法（break, bring, call, come, cut, give, go, get, hold, look, make, put, set, take, turn, set 等）类别语法功能示例及物动词带宾语tell, ask, learn, produce 等不及物动词不带宾语go, come, work, wait 等状态动词相对静止的状态know, love, like, own 等动作延续性动词动作可持续一段时间work， stay， sleep 等实义动词动词非延续性动词短暂动作，不能持续finish, end, start, come 等表示人或事物的特征和状态appear, be, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste 等系动词表示状态的变化become, get, turn, go, fall 等表示某种状态的延续或持续keep, remain 等助动词必须与原形动词或分词构成复合谓语，不能独 立作谓语be(is, was, am, are, were), do, does, did, have, has, had, shall, will, would 等情态动词必须与原形动词构成复合谓语，不能独立作谓 语can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, need, dare 等（一）动词分类二）动词词义辨析动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨 义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相似的动词之间辨义。如:lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如： advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如： explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out 等。5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。(三)常考动词辨析1. leave/ remain(1) leave: 表示“剩下;听任处于某种状态”，是及物动词。eg. Nothing was left on the table. / Nobody was left in the office. Leave the door open/ the questions unanswered(2) remain: 表示“剩余;留下;继续，保持某种状态”，是不及物动词eg. Little of the old building remained after the earthquake.Only one student remained.Some problems remain to be solved. remain seated/ young/ remain at home It remains to be seen whether the operation is successful or not. 注意： There is only five minutes left.the remaining five minutes2. become/get/turn/ grow/ go/come(1) become 是表示状态改变的常用语，后接名词或形容词。eg. He became an artist. / The sky became cloudy.(2) get 更多用于口语中，一般指变化得比较快。eg. Hes getting more and more nervous.Your dinner is getting cold.(3) turn 可以指颜色的改变。当表示职业身份的转变时，不用冠词。eg. My face turned red. / The leaves turned golden.He turned writer after he retired as a policeman.turn 还可以表示“时间年龄”的变化。eg. Denniss just turned 30.What time is it? Its just turned 3:00.(4) grow 多表示渐次产生的变化。eg. It is growing warm.He has grown to like volleyball.(5) go 多表示由好向坏的变化。eg. The meats gone bad.The poor woman went crazy.(6) come 多表示由坏向好的变化。eg. All my dreams have come true.It came right in the end.3. fit/suit/match(1) fit强调尺寸、形状的合适，合体。eg. The shoes dont fit me have you got a larger size?The dress fits you well.(2) suit 指颜色、款式等合适。eg. Black and red suit you very well.Do you think this style suits me well?suit 还可以指安排是否方便。eg. Tuesday suits me fine for a meeting.(3) match 的意思是“匹配，搭配”，指由于颜色、图案、风格等相近令其放在一起时更美观或 漂亮。eg. I want a tie that matches the suit.Im afraid the curtains do not match the decoration of the house.match 还可以表示“吻合”。eg. The blood on the knife matches the suspects blood-type.4. lay (放)，lie (躺)与lie (说谎)：这三个易混动词构成见下表：中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明安放，放置laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词eg. He laid his hand on my shoulder.He was badly injured on the leg, so he had to lie in bed for days.Dont lie to your wife for she will tell it.5. hanghang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是 规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是 hanged。eg. Philip hung his coat on a hook behind the door.Queen Mary was hanged to death.6. raise / lift / rise / arise(1) raise：vt. 举起(由下往上)；提出；抚养；饲养。eg. In order to make himself heard, he raised his voice. Many shops raised their prices during the Christmas period. Ill raise the question at tomorrows meeting. Raising pigs is his full-time job.(2) rise： vi.上升(相当于go up)；起身(相当于stand up)；起床(相当于get up)。eg. Prices rise day by day.I was about to rise when another guest came in.(3) arise 是不及物动词，主要意义为“出现，产生”，常用于借喻。eg. Some new difficulties have recently arisen in our work.A strong wind arose and blew over our boat.(4) lift：提起(由上)。eg. He lifted a stone, only to drop it on his own foot. She went shopping, lifting a basket.7. check/ examine/ test这三个词都可以表示“检查”，但检查的目的各有侧重。(1) examine: 仔细查看以便了解状况如何。多指对病人的检查、诊断，也可指对机器的检查。 eg. Now, let me examine your chest once more.examine 表示测验、考试时，比 test 正式。eg. The teacher examined the students knowledge in/on the previous lessons.(2) check 是核实,核对的意思，以确定其是否正确、符合标准或是否是事实等，以免出错。 eg. Ill check my schedule before I get back to you.Please double check your answers before you hand in your paper.(3) test 意思是“检测，测试”。多表示检测某人的知识或技能；也可以表示通过实践的方式检 测物体的性能或考验人的能力、品格、素质。eg. We are being tested on grammar tomorrow. The medicine has been tested on animals. All the