Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left一学习目标（Language Goal）1Learn to narrate past events学会描述过去所发生的事情。2Learn to express something with Past Perfect Tense. 学习使用过去完成时态。3Strengthen the consciousness of doing things regularly做事加强连续性，有条不紊。二 重点词组（Key phrases）1by the time 到时候为止2get outside 到外边3get to school 到学校4get up 起床5get into the shower 去洗澡6get home 到家7start doing / to do sth 开始做某事8be late for 迟到9go off （闹钟）闹响10wake up 醒来11come out 出来，出现12run off 迅速离开，跑掉13on time 准时14in time 及时15come by （走）过来16give sb a ride 让某人搭车17break down 损坏，坏掉18show up 出席，露面19stay up 熬夜20a costume party 一个化装舞会21sth happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上22so that 如此以至于23set off 出发，开始24April Fools Day 愚人节25get married 结婚26marry sb 与某人结婚27both and 二者都28get dressed 穿好衣服29on the first day 在第一天三. 交际用语1By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom2By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone3By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching4When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home5Have you ever overslept? 6Have you ever been late for school? 四. 重点难点释义(Language Points)1get to 意为“到达”。例如：When did you get there last night? 你昨晚什么时候到那儿的？I get home at 7:00 every day我每天7:00到家。When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。辨析：get, arrive与reach这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”，但是用法不同。（1）get和arrive都是不及物动词，其后只能跟表示地点的副词，若是跟名词则须再加介词，即get to 地点名词，arrive in / at 地点名词（in 之后跟表示大地方的词，at之后跟表示小地方的词）。若是只说“到达”，而不指出到达哪里，则只能用arrive。例如：How did you get / arrive there? 你怎么到那儿的？I got to / arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday我前天到的北京。When do you often get to / arrive at school? 你经常什么时候到校？When will you arrive? 你什么时候到？（2）reach为及物动词，其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如：I reached Beijing the day before yesterday我前天到的北京。We reached here on foot我们步行到这儿的。2关于get的词组小结在本单元出现大量关于get的词组，要注意背诵：get to school 到学校get into the shower 去洗澡get outside 到外边get home 到家get up 起床get married 结婚get dressed 穿好衣服get to class 到班级get bored 变得无聊get tired 变得疲劳3Ive never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close我上学从未迟到过，但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。（1）Ive 是I have的缩写，have been late是现在完成时态，现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去，而且对现在产生了一定的影响，其构成是have / has动词过去分词。例如：I have been here since 1999自1999年以来我就在这儿。We have lived in Jinan for 20 years我们已经在济南住了20年了。She hasnt worked for 2 years她已2年不工作了。（2）be late for 意为“迟到”，for为介词，所以其后须跟名词。例如：Dont be late for the meeting开会别迟到了。Jim was late for school again吉姆上学又迟到了。Tom has been late for classes twice. 汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。（3）close在此为副词“接近地，靠近地”。此外came very close意为“到时与迟到很接近”。4My alarm clock didnt go off, 闹钟没有大响go off 意为“爆发，大响”。例如：Although the alarm clock went off, he didnt wake up虽然闹钟大响，但是他还是没有醒来。与go有关的词组还有：（1）go in for“参加”（竞赛、考试）；（作为嗜好、工作）“爱好”。例如：She goes in for birdwatching她爱好赏鸟。（2）go on“进行，继续”。例如：Please go on请继续。（3）go on doing sth 或go on with sth“继续做”。例如：He went on working without having a rest他一直工作，没停下来休息过。（4）go over“调查，视察；越过”。例如：You must go over your lessons before the exam考试前你必须复习。5and I had to wait for him to come out我不得不等他出来。（1）have to 意为“必须，不得不”。例如：Do you have to take the test? 你必须考试吗？Tom has to practice speaking Chinese every day汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。辨析：have to 与must这两个词都可以表示“必须”。have to 更加强调客观原因，而must则强调主观原因；含有have to 的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词do，does或did，而must本身是情态动词，进行句型转换时可以直接通过must改变。例如：It is raining, we have to stay at home. 天在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。We must work hard我们必须努力工作。Lucy doesnt have to stand露茜不必站着。You mustnt play in the street你不能在街道上玩。（2）wait 是不及物动词“等待，等候”的意思。可以用于词组wait for sb“等某人”，wait to do sth“等着做某事”，wait for sb to do sth“等某人做某事”。例如：Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？They cant wait to open the presents他们迫不及待地打开礼物。You can wait for him to help you你可以等着他帮你。6Unfortunately, by the time I got there, the bus had already left不幸的是，我到那儿的时候，公交车已经走了。unfortunately 是副词“不幸地”，是由fortunately加否定前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如：lucky（幸运的）unlucky（不幸的），use（用）useful（有用的），forget（忘记）forgetful（健忘的），un作前缀表示“not”的含义，即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如：fit（合适的）unfit（不合适的），fair （公平的）unfair（不公平的），known（闻名的）unknown（不闻名的）等。 7Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dads car and they gave me a ride.幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过，他们让我搭了个便车。（1）come by 意为“经过，走过；获得，获有”。例如：Please let the car come by请让车过去。Good jobs are not easy to come by好工作不容易找到。与come有关的其他词组：come out”出来；开花；出版”。例如：The moon has come out月亮出来了。Its too cold for the flowers to come out天太冷了，花不开了。come about”发生，产生”。例如：Tell me how the accident came about告诉我事情是怎么发生的。come across“（偶然）发现，遇见”。例如：I came across his name on the list我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。come after”继之后，接而来”。例如：Sunday comes after Saturday星期天在星期六之后。come back”回来”。例如：When did he come back? 他什么时候回