英语国家概况试题库I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10%)1. The Constitution of the United States was framed in Philadelphia in _. A. 1776 B. 1783 C. 1787 D. 16202. In the United States, the Department of _ advises the President on foreign relations. A. Defense B. State C. Commerce D. Labor3. Representatives in the Unites States are elected _. A. annually B. every two years C. every three years D. every four years4. Which of the following has the power to make federal laws and levy federal taxes? A. The executive B. The legislative C. The judicial D. The president5. The New Deal was started by _. A. Franklin D. Roosevelt B. J. F. Kennedy C. George Washington D. Thomas Jefferson6. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the three basic religious beliefs? A. Protestantism B. Catholicism C. Islam D. Judaism7. Which of the following is NOT a power of the President in the U.S.? A. To veto the bills passed by the Congress B. To appoint federal judges when vacancies occurC. To propose legislation to the CongressD. To make laws8. The first Catholic President in the U.S. was _. A. John F. Kennedy B. George Washington C. Abraham Lincoln D. George W. Bush9. Due to his firm belief in non-violent peaceful protest in the spirit of Indias leader Gandhi, _ was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. A. Malcolm X B. John F. Kennedy C. Martin Luther King, Jr. D. James Farmer10. In 1972, U.S. President _ made a trip to China to improve relations with the Peoples Republic of China. A. Carter B. Truman C. Bush D. Nixon11. _ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. A. The Anglo-Saxons B. The Normans C. The Danish Vikings D. The Romans12. _ is the smallest of the four parts of Great Britain. A. England B. Wales C. Scotland D. Northern Ireland13. All of the following are major national parties in Great Britain except _. A. the Conservative Party B. the Labour Party C. the Liberal Democrats D. the Republican Party14. In Britain, a “vote of no confidence” is decided by _. A. the House of Commons B. the House of Lords C. the two major parties D. the Prime Minister15. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to _. A. private schools B. independent schools C. state schools D. public schools16. Through the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to _. A. grammar schools B. comprehensive schools C. public schools D. technical schools17. Which of the following is not involved in making the foreign policy in Britain? A. The Queen B. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office C. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet D. The Ministry of Defence and the Treasury18. Which group of people CANNOT vote in the general election? A. Members in the House of Commons B. Lords in the House of Lords C. The UK citizens above the age of 18 D. The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic19. Halloween is celebrated on _. A. October 31st B. November 5th C. March 17th D. December 25th20. All of the following was invented in Britain except _. A. football B. tennis C. basketball D. cricketII. Define terms1. Bill of Rights in the United StatesThe Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. It was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.2. Judicial reviewJudicial review refers to the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the Constitution.3. The strategy of preemption in U.S. foreign policyIt is also known as the Bush Doctrine. In an address delivered to the West Point graduates, President Bush, for the first time, put forward the strategy of preemption. By preemption, the US means that when it determines that a country which is repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of mass destruction or has the potential to have such weapons, the US should use force to remove this threat to US security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the US is attacked.4. The House of Lords The House of Lords consists of the Lord Spiritual, who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Ch