常用介词介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。1.about1)关于=on eg. give sb advice on how to learn English2)到处 look about环视3)大约 4)be about to do即将做 eg. I was about to leave when the phone rang.2.above在.上方/over在垂直的上方 反义:below在.下方3.across 横穿,从表面through竖穿,从内部4.after在(位置,时间)后 /behind在(位置)后before在(位置,时间)前/in front of在(位置)前in+时间段+将来时 how soon after +时间段+过去时 when after + 一点时间(常用于一般将来时or一般过去时)when 如:The baby stopped crying after half an hour. The baby will stop crying in half an hour.They will visit their teacher after Friday.时间段+later+过去时 when 5.behind He hangs his coat on a nail behind the door. 他把外套挂在门后的一颗钉子上.Beyond 超过 This work is beyond my grasp. 这件工作非我力所能及.His bad behavior is beyond a joke. 他的不良行为超出了开玩笑的范围.beside6.沿着a. along(没有方向性) We went for a walk along the shore.我们沿着海岸散步.b.up(向上,向说话者走来) The boy climbed up the tree. 这个男孩爬上树.c.down(向下,向说话者走去) Will you walk down to the lake with her 你跟她走到湖那头去好吗 7.在之间 a.between在两者之间b.among在三者或以上之间是介词,必须 +宾格:between you and me8. at+地点(小地方) /in+地点(大地方) eg. Ive been at our school/in the USA.在桌边 at the tableat表示向,朝 eg. look at / laugh atshoot sb 射死,射中/ shoot at sb朝射击eg. The hunter shot at the tree , but he didnt shoot any birds.At+时间点At+价格At+速度9.beside=next to在旁边besides除外还 Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables. 除了牛奶和干酪外,我们还需要蔬菜.except/ but 除外 Every one of us, except him, went to watch the basketball match.除他以外,我们都去观看了蓝球比赛.except for +noun除外(总体肯定,局部否定)except that+clause除外(总体肯定,局部否定)eg.Your compasitions are good except for a few spelling mistakes.* but的几个用法: nothing butnobody buthave no choice but to docant do anything but do10.by被在旁 by the window/ by the river He sat down just by the door.他正坐在门的旁边.by+noun 通过方式(手段)by bus/ get on the bus/ get off the bus get into the car/get out of the carShe earned money by writing. 她靠写作挣钱.By+时间的用法: by+now 与现在完成时连用by+过去时间 与过去完成时连用by+将来时间 与将来完成时或一般过去时连用eg.We have learned over 2000 words by now.had learned by the end of last term.Will learn/will have learned by the end of this term.11.during+宾语 不加从句 eg.在我居住在南京期间:during I stayed in Nanjing (wrong)during my staying in Nanjing (right)实例.I posted the letter some time _ the week .A. in B. during C. throughout D. within答案是B项.介词during后面总是一个表示时间的名词,这一名词可以指整段时间,如:It was very cold during the winter (整个冬天,天气都很严寒.)这一名词也可以指一段时间中的时点或时刻,如:She has phoned him four times during the last half an hour . (在刚才的半个小时内,她给他打过四次电话.)在这个例句里during可以被介词in代替,因为in具有within a period (在一段时间内)的意思.但在以下两种情况下不能用in代替during:(1)当所提及的是一个事件或一项活动,而不是一段时间时,如:I didnt learn much during my teacher training . (在教师培训中,我没学到多少东西.);(2)在表示不明确的时间时,用some time + during表示,如:I dropped in on him some time during my visit to the city . (在我观光那座城市时,我曾顺便看望过他.)12.with和一起 to live with ones parents 和父母同住带有 We take dictionaries with us.Without I cant do it without your help. 没有你的帮助,我不能做这件事.13.in the morning/afternoon/eveningat night 14.像 1).like like you像你那样 like that那样2).as+从句(或从句的省略句)Please do as I told you./ Please do as I did.as作为 eg.consider/recognize/regardas 3). 几个短语:be like; look like ; sound likethe same as such as 15. 方位介词in the east of在.之内的东部on the east of和.相邻的东部to the east of/east of在.之外（不紧密相邻）的东部【注】1. in表示A地在B地范围之内。如：Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔。如：Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如： North Korea is on the east of China.at the top of hill=on top of hill在山顶Last year he spent hisw holiday on a farm in the country south of Boston.16. up to1).胜任,适合 The machine is up to requirements.这部机器符合要求.The manager is well up to the work.经理十分胜任这个工作.2)是义不容辞的,是的职责Its up to me to finance my yong brother to finish his college study.资助我弟弟完成其大学学业,我义不容辞.It is up to us to give them all the help we can.我们理应给他们力所能及的帮助.3)取决于, 必须由.决定Ive given you my advice; whether or not you act it is up to you.我已经把办法告诉了你,是否照办得由你决定了.Its up to you to get to school on time.你是否准时到校由你自己决定.4)一直到(时间)Up to her fourth birthday, the baby slept in a crib.婴孩睡婴儿床一直睡至到四岁.We went swimming up to supper time.我们一直游到吃晚饭的时候.5)一直到(数目),多达There were up to eight fire engines at the fire.来到火灾现场的消防车多达.I can take up to six people in my car.我的车能载6个人.up to date 最新的,现代化的,切合目前情况的up to 的常见用法1.表示程度或数量,表示达到程度或数量,相当于as far as, to.如:Up to ten people can sleep in this tent.这个帐篷至多能睡十人.Everyone has his part to play, from the office boy up to the president.从办公室勤杂员到董事长,每个人都有自己的事做.Our football team played up to its best in the last League matches.我们的足球队在上届联赛中发挥了最高水平.2.表示时间限制,直到为止,相当于till(也可用up till)或until.如:He was here up to a moment ago.他刚才还在这儿呢.The No. 5 bus runs up to 9 oclock in the evening.五路公共汽车一直开到晚上九点.注意:在将来时态中,应用until或till为好.如:Ill wait for you until / till ten oclock tomorrow.我将等你到明天十点钟.3.表示够;合格做;有资格做,相